Faktor-Faktor Internal Individual dalam Pembuatan Keputusan Etis: Studi pada Konsultan Pajak di Kota Surabaya

Martana Arrazaqu Arestanti, Nurul Herawati, Emi Rahmawati

Abstract


This study aims to examine the influence of individual factors (perception of the importance of ethical and social responsibility; machiavellianism; ethical reasoning) toward ethical decision making of tax consultants. This study used 50 tax consultants as the study samples in Tax Consultant Office in Surabaya. The method of data analysis using regression analysis. This study reveals perception of the importance of ethical and social responsibility have positive influence toward ethical decision making by tax consultant, machiavellianism have negative influence toward ethical decision making by tax consultant and ethical reasoning have positive imfluence toward ethical decision making. The implication of this study is a person who has a high perception of the importance of ethical and responsibility supporting that person to conduct ethical decision making. The General Director of Taxation or the official which is delegated in issuing tax practical license needed to conduct a machiavellianism trait test from tax consultant itself. Besides, it also takes to be ensured that the tax consultant who have had the licence is an individual who has a high moral maturity (post conventional stage), so that the possibilities will be less to approve the non-ethical act and more independent in decision making which is related to ethical dilemma.


Keywords


Perception; Ethics; Social Responsibility; Machiavellianism; Ethical Reasoning; Ethical Decision Making

Full Text:

Download Article

References


Achmad, T. 2014. Menjadikan Konsultan Pajak sebagai Agents of Tax Compliance. Website: http://www. pajak.go.id/ content/article/ menjadikan-konsultan-pajak-sebagai-agents-tax-compliance

Amarullah, A. 2010. 13 Konsultan Pajak di Surabaya Ditahan. Website: http:// nasional.news.viva.co.id/news/read/148362-13_konsultan_pajak_di_su-rabaya_ditahan

Anton. 2012. Analisis Persepsi Akuntan Publik dan Mahasiswa Akuntansi terhadap Kode Etik Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia (Studi Kasus pada Beberapa Universitas serta Beberapa Kantor Akuntan Publik di Semarang). Makalah Ilmiah INFORMATIKA, 3 (2), 1-34.

Arif, M. L. S., R. Aulia dan N. Herawati. 2014. Bagaimanakah Persepsi Mahasiswa Akuntansi tentang Praktik Akuntansi Kreatif Ditinjau dari Teori Etika Bisnis?. Jurnal Akuntansi Multiaparadigma, 5 (1), 96-112.

Beritasatu. 2012. Konsultan Pajak Jadi Tersangka Baru Kasus Dhana Widyatmika. Website: http://www. beritasatu.com/nasional/57766-konsultan-pajak-jadi-tersangka-baru-kasus-dhana-widyatmika.html

Blanthorne, C., H. A. Burton dan Fisher, D. 2014. The Aggressiveness of Tax Professional Reporting: Examining the Influence of Moral Reasoning. Advances in Accounting Behavioral Research, 16, 149 – 181.

Bobek, D. D., A. M. Hageman dan R. R. Radtke. 2010. The Ethical Environment of Tax Professionals: Partner dan Non-Partner Perceptions dan Experiences. Journal of Business Ethics, 92 (4), 637–654.

Budileksmana, A. 2000. Manfaat dan Peranan Konsultan Pajak dalam Era Self Assesment Perpajakan. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Investasi, 1 (2), 77-84.

Burns, J. O. dan P. Kiecker. 1995. Tax Practitioner Ethics: An Empirical Investigation of Organizational Conse-quences. The Journal of the American Taxation Association, 17 (2), 20-49.

Cash, L. S., T. L. Dickens dan M. E. Mowrey 2007. The Ethics Environment in Which Tax Professionals Practice. Taxes—The Tax Magazine, 43-55.

Chrismastuti, A. A. dan S. V. Purnamasari. 2004. Hubungan Sifat Machiavellian, Pembelajaran Etika dalam Mata Kuliah Etika, dan Sikap Etis Akuntan: Suatu Analisis Perilaku Etis Akuntan dan Mahasiswa Akuntansi di Semarang. Paper Dipresentasikan pada Acara Simposium Nasional Akuntansi VII, Denpasar.

Christie, R., dan F. L. Geis. 1970. Machiavellia-nism. Academic Press, Incorporated.

Damayanti, T. W. 2004. Pelaksanaan Self Assesment System menurut Persepsi Wajib Pajak (Studi pada Wajib Pajak Badan Salatiga). Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis (Dian Ekonomi), X (1), 109-128.

Devos, K. 2012. The Impact of Tax Professionals Upon the Compliance Behavior of Australian Individual Taxpayers, Revenue Law Journal, 22 (1), 1-26.

Doyle, E., J. F. Hughes dan B. Summers. 2013. An Empirical Analysis of the Ethical Reasoning of Tax Practitioners, Journal of Business Ethics, 114 (2), 325–339.

Doyle, E., J. F. Hughes dan B. Summers. 2014. Ethics in Tax Practice: A Study of the Effect of Practitioner Firm Size. Journal of Business Ethics, 122 (4), 623–641.

Ferrell O. C. dan L. G. Gresham. 1985. A Contingency Framework for Under-standing Ethical Decision Making in Marketing. Journal of Marketing, 49 (3), 87-96.

Fleischman, G. M., S. Valentine dan D. W. Finn. 2007. Ethical Reasoning dan Equitable Relief. Behavioral Research in Accounting, 19 (1), 107–132.

Hughes, F. J. dan P. Moizer. 2015. Assessing the quality of services provided by UK tax practitioners. eJournal of Tax Research, 13 (1), 51-75.

Gray, K., L. Young dan A. Waytz. 2012. Mind Perception Is the Essence of Morality. Psychological Inquiry, 23, 101–124.

Gupta, R. 2015. Relational Impact of Tax Practitioners’ Behavioural Interaction dan Service Satisfaction: Evidence from New Zealand. eJournal of Tax Research, 13 (1), 76-107.

Hudson, S. dan G. Miller. 2005. Ethical Orien-tation dan Awareness of Tourism Stu-dents. Journal of Business Ethics, 62 (4), 383-396.

Hunt, S. dan S. Vitell. 1986. A General Theory of Marketing Ethics. Journal of Macromarketing, 6 (5), 5-16.

Jawa Pos, 15 Desember 2008. Aturan Baru, Saatnya Konsultan Pajak Panen. Website:http://www.antikorupsi.org/id/content/aturan-baru-saatnya-konsultan-pajak-panen

Jefriando, M. 2015. Konsultan Pajak yang Seperti Ini Harusnya Masuk Neraka Paling Bawah. Detikfinance Selasa, 27/01/2015, Website: http://finance. detik.com/read/ 2015/01/27/120118/2815038/4/konsultan-pajak-yang-seperti-ini-harusnya-masuk-neraka-paling-bawah

Jiwo, P. 2011. Analisis Faktor-Faktor Individual dalam Pengambilan Keputusan Etis oleh Konsultan Pajak. (Kajian Empiris pada Konsultan Pajak di KAP di Kota Semarang). SE Skripsi, Universitas Diponegoro Sema-rang.

Jones, T. M. 1991. Ethical Decision Making by Individual in Organizations: An Issue-Contingent Model. Academy of Management Review, 16 (2), 366-39S.

Krismanto, F. I. J.. 2014. Pengaruh Persepsi Pentingnya Etika dan Tanggung Jawab Sosial, Sifat Machiavellian, dan Pertimbangan Etis Konsultan Pajak terhadap Pengambilan Keputusan Etis (Survey pada Konsultan Pajak dan Staff Pajak di Beberapa Kantor Konsultan Pajak Bandung). Skripsi, Universitas Widyatama.

Kohlberg, L. 1976. Moral stages and mora-lization: The cognitive-developmental approach. Moral Development and Beha-vior: Theory, Research, And Social Issues, 31-53.

Kurniawan, C. dan A. Sadjiarto. 2013. Pema-haman Kode Etik Ikatan Konsultan Pajak Mengenai Hubungan dengan Wajib Pajak oleh Konsultan Pajak di Surabaya. Tax & Accounting Review, 1 (1), 55-62.

Kurpis, L. V., M. S. Beqiri dan J. G. Helgeson. 2008. The Effects of Commitment to Moral Self-improvement and Religiosity on Ethics of Business Students. Journal of Business Ethics, 80 (3), 447-463.

Murphy, P. R. 2012. Attitude, Machiavellianism and the rationalization of misreporting. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 37 (4), 242-259.

Nida, D. R. P. P. 2014. Pengaruh Persaingan, Pemberian Jasa Lain dan Sifat Machiavellian pada Independensi Auditor. E-Jurnal Akun-tansi Universitas Udayana, 7 (3), 778-790.

Novianti, L. 1997. Penerapan System Self Assessment terhadap Pemungutan PPh Orang Pribadi, Suatu Tinjauan Pelaksanaan Pemungutan PPh Orang Pribadi pada Pemilik Rumah Kost. Skripsi, Universitas Airlangga .

Nugrahaningsih, P. 2005. Analisis Perbedaan Perilaku Etis Auditor di KAP dalam Etika Profesi (Studi terhadap Peran Faktor-Faktor Individual: Locus of Control, Lama Pengalaman Kerja, Gender, dan Equity Sensitivity). Paper Dipresentasikan pada Acara Simposium Nasional Akuntansi VIII, Solo.

Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Republik Indo-nesia Nomor 111/PMK.03/2014 tentang Konsultan Pajak.

Ponemon, L. A. 1992. Ethical Reasoning dan Selection-Socialization in Accounting. Accounting, Organizations dan Society, 17 (3–4), 239-258.

Pramono, H. dan D. U. Ario. 2009. Pengaruh Personal Values terhadap Pengambilan Keputusan Etis Akuntan Publik. Among Makarti, 2 (4), 9-22.

Purnamasari, S. V. 2006. Sifat Machiavellian dan Pertimbangan Etis. Paper Dipresentasikan pada Acara Simposium Nasional Akuntansi IX, Padang.

Ramadhani, T. S. 2015. Pengaruh Sifat Machi-avellian, Locus of Control, dan Equity Sensitivity terhadap Penghindaran Pajak dengan Keputusan Etis sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi Empiris Pada Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi yang Melakukan Usaha dan Pekerjaan Bebas yang Terdaftar di KPP Pratama Pekanbaru Senapelan). Jom. FEKON, 2 (2), 1-15.

Rayburn, J. M. dan Rayburn, L. Gayle. 1996. Relationship Between Machiavellianism dan Type A Personality dan Ethical-Orientation. Journal of Business Ethics, 15 (11), 1209-1219.

Rest, J. R. 1979. Revised manual for the defining issues test. Unpublished manuscript, University of Minnesota.

Rest, J. R. 1986. Moral development: Advances in research and theory. Praeger Publishers.

Rest, J., S. J. Thoma, D. Narvaez dan M. J. Bebeau. 1997. Alchemy and beyond: indexing the Defining Issues Test. Journal of educational psychology, 89 (3), 498.

Richmond, K. A. 2001. Ethical Reasoning, Ma-chiavellian Behavior, dan Gender: The Impact on Accounting Students’ Ethical Decision Making. Phd Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute dan State University.

Safitri, A. 2013. Mengenai Pengaruh Etika, Motivasi, Komitmen, Independensi dan Tenure terhadap Kinerja Auditor. Skripsi, Universitas Trunojoyo Madura.

Sari, R. S. N., R. Zuhdi dan N. Herawati. 2012. Tafsir Perilaku Etis Menurut Mahasiswa Akuntansi Berbasis Gender. Jurnal Akuntansi Multiaparadigma, 3 (1), 125-133.

Shafer, W. E. dan R. S. Simmons. 2008. Social Responsibility, Machiavellianism dan Tax Avoidance: A Study of Hong Kong Tax Professionals, Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 21 (5), 695 – 720.

Singhapakdi, A., K. Karande, C. P. Rao dan S. J. Vitell. 2001. How Important are Ethics dan Social Responsibility? A Multina-tional Study of Marketing Professionals. European Journal of Marketing, 35 (1-2), 133, 134.

Singhapakdi, A., K. L. Kraft, S. J. Vitell dan K. C. Rallapalli. 1995. The Perceived Importance of Ethics dan Social Responsibility on Organizational Effectiveness: A Survey of Marketers. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 23 (1), 49-56.

Singhapakdi, A., S. J. Vitell, K. C. Rallapalli dan K. L. Kraft. 1996. The Perceived Role of Ethics dan Social Respon-sibility: A Scale Development. Journal of Business Ethics, 15 (11), 1131-1140.

Sofyani, H. dan R. Akbar. 2013. Hubungan Faktor Internal Institusi dan Imple-mentasi Sistem Akuntabilitas Kinerja Instansi Pemerintah (SAKIP) di Peme-rintah Daerah. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia, 10 (2), 184-205.

Sukrisno, A. 1996. Penegakan Kode Etik Akuntan Indonesia. Makalah dipresentasikan pada acara KNA-KLB IAI, Semarang.

Sweeney, J. T. dan R. W. Roberts. 1997. Cog-nitive Moral Development dan Auditor Independence. Accounting, Organizations dan Society, 22 (3/4), 337-352.

Tan, L. M. 1999. Taxpayers' Preference for Type of Advice from Tax Practitioner: A Preliminary Examination. Journal of Economic Psychology, 20 (4), 431–447.

Tarjo dan I. Kusumawati. 2006. Analisis Perilaku Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi terhadap Pelaksanaan Self Assessment System: Suatu Studi di Bangkalan. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Auditing Indonesia, 10 (1), 101 – 120.

Wakefield, R. L. 2008. Accounting dan Machiavellianism. Behavioral Research in Accounting, 20 (1), 115–129

Wisesa, A. 2011. Integritas Moral dalam Konteks Pengambilan Keputusan Etis. Jurnal Manajemen Teknologi, 10 (1), 82-92.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/1201

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Office:
Ruang Jurnal Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis UMY
Gedung Ki Bagus Hadikusuma (E4) Lantai 2, Kampus Terpadu Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta,
Jalan Brawijaya (Lingkar Selatan), Tamantirto, Kasihan, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55183
Website: journal.umy.ac.id/index.php/ai - E-mail: jai@umy.ac.id

Journal of Accounting and Investment is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License

View My Stats