Cardivascular reactivity to earthquake

Ikhlas Muhammad Jenie

Abstract


Gempa bumi merupakan suatu stressor mental yang terjadi secara alamiah. Belum diketahui bagaimana respon kardiovaskular terhadap gempa bumi, berapa lama respon tersebut berlangsung, dan seberapa jauh akibat yang ditimbulkan oleh gempa bumi terhadap sistem kardiovaskular. Tujuan penulisan naskah ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran dan durasi serta potensial dari pengaruh reaktivitas Kardiovaskuler terhadap gempa bumi. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan studi literatur terhadap penelitian-penelitian mengenai efek gempa bumi terhadap sistem kardiovaskular yang telah dipublikasikan pada MEDLINE. Tekanan darah dan frekuensi denyut jantung mulai berubah pada awal gempa bumi, dan kemudian naik sebesar 20% untuk tekanan darah sistolik, 46% untuk tekanan darah diastolik, dan 79% untuk frekuensi denyutjantung. Tingginya tekanan darah tersebut bertahan 1-2 minggu pasca gampa bumi, kemudian turun secara bertahap dalam kurun waktu 2 minggu. Peningkatan tekanan darah memanjang hingga 2 bulan pada pasien-pasien dengan mikroalbuminuria. Sementara itu, peningkatan tekanan darah tidak begitu tajam pada pasien-pasien yang mengkonsumsi obat-obat a- dan P-bloker Frekuensi denyut jantung kembali ke nilai awal lebih cepat daripada tekanan darah. Kejadian infark miokard meningkat 3 kali lipat penduduk yang tinggal dekat dengan pusat gempa daripada penduduk yang tinggal jauh dari pusat gempa. Terdapat hiperreaktivitas kardiovaskular terhadap gempa bumi. Hiperreaktivitas kardiovaskular terhadap gempa bumi tersebut bersifat akut dan berpotensi menimbulkan komplikasi infark miokard.

Earthquake is a naturally occurring mental challenge. It potentially exerts adverse effects on the cardiovascular system, thus may contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases. To know pattern and duration of the effect of earthquake on cardiovascular reactivity, and to know the potential effect of earthquake on the cardiovascular system. We did literature search on studies published in MEDLINE database that reported changes in cardiovascular parameters among subjects lived in earthquake affected area. The result of blood pressure and heart rate started to change at the initial trembling preceded the earthquake. Then at the strongest shock, systolic blood pressure increased 20%, diastolic blood pressure rose 46%, and heartbeat was up to 79%. Blood pressure remained high in 1-2 weeks after the quake. It then gradually returned to the baseline by 4 weeks (3 - 5 weeks) after the disaster. This increased blood pressure was prolonged for at least until 2 months aftermath in patients with microalbuminuria. However, it was less pronounced in patients who treated with a- and /3-blocker. The heart rate returned to the baseline level more promptly than the blood pressure. The events of myocardial infarction increased 3-fold in people who lived close to the epicentre. The conclution is cardiovascular hyperreactivity to earthquake has cardiac and vascular pattern. Exaggerated cardiovascular reactivity to earthquake is short term response. Cardiovascular reactivity to earthquake potentially leads to myocardial infarction.


Keywords


blood pressure; cardiovascular reactivity; heart rate; myocardial infarction; natural disaster; frekuensi denyut jantung; gempa bumi; infark miokard; reaktivitas kardiovaskular; tekanan darah

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/mmjkk.v9i1.1593

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