Masalah-masalah dalam Penatalaksanaan Tekanan Darah Tinggi pada Lanjut Usia dan Peran-peran Pengasuh Utamanya (Caregiver): Sebuah Studi Kualitatif

Uswatun Khasanah

Abstract


A caring nursing relationship with hypertensive clients at their homes can have positive effects upon their blood pressure. This paper attempts to reveal efforts of the hypertensive older adults and their caregivers in dealing the high blood pressure. This study shows that often older adults they do not realize they are having hypertension at first; accidentally they are diagnosed with hypertension when they seek help for other health problem. While the others realize that they are having hypertension after the screening program conducted by students or health professional.
Soon after the older adults realize they are diagnosed with hypertension, changing the risky behaviors, asking and searching information related the disease follows. However, often they neglect the disease management when they feel the disease symptoms disappear. Or still practicing incorrect management, such as improper medical regiment, irregular checking blood pressure till does not manage their high blood pressure at all. The common practices among the hypertensive are alternative medicine used, such as using herbs, holy water, or asking help from the traditional healer as well as the spiritual leader. Concerning older adult caregivers roles are as the main psychological and financial support for the older adults.
This study demonstrates various perspectives of older adults and caregivers problems and efforts in maintaining blood pressure within recommended level. This is very useful information for the health professional in caring the hypertensive older adult comprehensively according to their needs and their perspective.

Artikel ini mengemukakan tentang persepsi dari lanjut usia dan pengasuhnya tentang usaha-usaha mereka untuk mengontrol tekanan darah tinggi yang dialami oleh para lanjut usia dirumah. Hasil dari penelitian dengan desain kualitatif dan wawancara sebagai tehnik pengumpulan data ini yaitu kebanyaan pada awalnya lanjut usia tidak menyadari bahwa mereka menderita tekanan darah tinggi, baru setelah mereka memeriksakan masalah kesehatan yang lainnya kepada tenaga kesehatan dan dicek tekanan darah tingginya, didapakan tekanan darah tingginya melebihi batas normal yang direkomendasikan. Sedangkan lanjut usia yang lainnya mengetahui kalau mereka menderita tekanan darah tinggi setelah ada program screening dari mahasiswa atau tenaga kesehatan yang lainnya.
Segera setelah lanjut usia mengetahui mereka menderita tekanan darah tinggi, maka merubah tingkah laku yang membahayakan kesehatan, bertanya dan mencari informasi yang berkaitan dengan penyakitnya adalah hal yang dilakukan oleh para lanjut usia tersebut. Akan tetapi masih banyak diantara lanjut usia tersebut yang melakukan penatalaksanaan yang kurang tepat, seperti penggunaan obat yang salah, tidak teratur mengontrol tekanan darah atau juga tidak melakukan apapun untuk mengontrol penyakitnya tersebut. Praktek yang sering dilakukan untuk mengontrol tekanan darah tinggi diantaranya yaitu lanjut usia menggunakan pengobatan alternative seperti dengan menggunakan tumbuh-tumbuhan, air suci, atau meminta pertolongan dari pengobat tradisional dan juga pemimpin agama. Tentang pengasuh anjut usia, mereka adalah pendukung secara psykologis dan juga financial.
Penelitian ini menunjukkan beberapa perspektif lanjut usia dan pengasuhnya tentang usaha-usaha yang dilakukan untuk mempertahankan kesehatan lanjut usia. Hal ini merupakan informasi yang sangat berharga bagi tenaga kesehatan dalam merawat lanjut usia dengan darah tinggi secara komprehensif dan berdasarkan kebutuhannya dan dengan memperhatikan perspective mereka.

Keywords


Lanjut usia dengan hypertension; caregiver (pengasuh utama); manajemen hipertensi; hypertensive older adults; caregiver; hypertension management

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/mmjkk.v5i2.1877

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