Kejadian Komplikasi Vaskuler Pasien Pasca Intervensi Koroner Perkutan di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung

Azizah Khoiriyati, Helwiyah Ropi, Cecep E Kosasih

Abstract


Pasien pasca intervensi koroner perkutan (IKP) mempunyai risiko komplikasi vaskuler. Perawat di unit keperawatan kritis mempunyai peran penting dalam deteksi dini komplikasi vaskuler dengan melakukan pemantauan secara ketat pada pasien menggunakan lembar monitor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kejadian komplikasi vaskuler pasien pasca intervensi koroner perkutan. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif  dengan  jumlah sampel 46 pasien pasca-IKP yang dirawat di ruang Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU) RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Pemantauan dilakukan selama 6 jam periode tirah baring pasca-IKP pada semua pasien. Hasil pemantauan menunjukkan adanya komplikasi vaskuler yang meliputi komplikasi pada tempat pungsi dan vaskuler perifer. Komplikasi pada tempat pungsi meliputi sedikit perdarahan 45.7%, memar kecil 28.3% dan hematoma < 1 cm 17.4%. Komplikasi vaskuler perifer meliputi akral dingin 21.73%, pucat pada ekstremitas 6.5%, kesemutan 8.7%, nadi distal lemah 10.9% dan CRT >2 detik 8.7%. Komplikasi yang terjadi pada pasien pascaintervensi koroner perkutan selama periode 6 jam yaitu komplikasi pada tempat pungsi (sedikit perdarahan, memar kecil dan hematom < 1 cm, sedangkan komplikasi vaskuler perifer yang muncul yaitu  akral dingin,pucat pada ekstremitas, kesemutan, nadi distal lemah dan CRT > 2 detik. Pemantauan pasien pada tempat pungsi dan komplikasi vaskuler perifer sebagai langkah deteksi dini komplikasi vaskuler pasien pasca intervensi koroner perkutan perlu dilakukan.

 

Post percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) patients are at risk for vascular complications. Nurses in critical care nursing unit have a vital role such as closely monitor post PCI patients for early detection of vascular complications. The purpose of the study was to know  the incidence of vascular complications of post PCI patients. This was a descriptive study with sample size of 46 post PCI who were treated in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU) RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Each patient was monitored over a period of bed rest (6 hours) after PCI procedure. The incidence of vascular complications including complication at the puncture site and peripheral vascular complications. Complication at the puncture site including little bleeding 45,7%, small bruise 28,3% and hematoma < 1 cm 17,4%. Peripheral vascular complication including cold in lower extremities 21,7%, pale in extremities 6,5%, tingling 8,7%, weak distal heart rate 10,9%, Capilarry Reffil Time > 2 second  8,7%. Complications that occur in patients with post percutaneous coronary intervention over a period of 6 hours are complications at the puncture site including little bleeding,  small bruise, and hematoma. Peripheral vascular complication including cold in lower extremities, pale in extremities,tingling, weak distal heart rate, capilarry reffil time > 2 detik. The monitoring of puncture site and peripheral vascular complications as an early detection effort to minimize the incidence of vascular complications of post PCI patients.


Keywords


monitoring, vascular complications, Post Percutaneous Coronary Intervention post PCI; pemantuan, intervensi koroner perkutan, komplikasi vaskuler

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/mmjkk.v13i3.2485

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