Antara Ziarah Religius dan Kapitalisasi di Era Globalisasi: Catatan Etnografis Umrah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18196/aiijis.2016.0057.114-134Keywords:
Religiosity, Religious Commodifications, UmrahAbstract
This article is written based on ethnographical notes, through observation, interviews, and direct involvement in the lesser pilgrimage (umroh) to Medina on March 12-20, 2016. The writing focuses on the performance of the ritual and other factors which have influenced the development of the holy city from social, eco-nomic, and cultural perspectives making the modern city of Medina. This article reveals that Medina as a holy city of pilgrimage destination grows with modern capitalism with the mushrooming business in accommodation and world products. Not only does the religion of Islam mix with capitalism, but the combination of the two does not decrease the sacrality of the city and the performance of the rituals in the city. In fact, the sacrality and holiness remain intact amidst commercialization of the city in the forms of luxuriouos hotels, malls, and modern kiosks. What is more, modern Medina is a symbol of plurality with the Muslim visitors for pilgrimage coming from different countries who bring their own local cultures and various religious traditions seen in their diverse fashions, traditions, and religious rites.
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Winder, R. B. 1986. “Al-Madinah: Modern City.” In The Encyclopaedia ofIslam, edited by C Edmund Bosworth, van Donzel, Bernard Lewis, and Ch. Pellat, V:998–1007. Leiden: Brill.
Nozol Royal Inn Hotel, Al Madinah, Saudi Arabia.” Booking.com. akses 30 April 2016. http://www.booking.com/hotel/sa/royal-inn.en-gb.html.
“Al Noor Mall.” Akses 26 Mei 2016. http://www.alnoormall.com/.
Geertz, Clifford. 1973. The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays. New York: Basic Books.
Hefner, Robert W. 1985. Hindu Javanese: Tengger Tradition and Islam. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Karabell, Zachary. 1996. “Medina.” In Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East, ed-ited by Reeva S Simon, Philip Mattar, and Richard W Bulliet, 3:1192. New York: Macmillan Reference USA.
Kennedy, Hugh. 1986. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the Sixth to the Eleventh Century. London-New York: Longman.
King, Russel. 1972. “The pilgrimage to Mecca: some geographical and historical aspects.” erd ERDKUNDE 26, no. 1: 61–73.
Kister, M. J. 1965. “Mecca and Tamim (Aspects of Their Relations).” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient8, no. 2. h. 113–63. doi:10.2307/ 3595962.
Kister, M. J. 1972. “Some Reports Concerning Mecca from Jahiliyya to Islam.”
Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 15, no. 1/2: 61–93. doi:10.2307/3596312.
Laffan, Michael Francis. 2003. Islamic Nationhood and Colonial Indonesia: The Umma below the Winds. London: New York: RoutledgeCurzon.
Landau-Tasseron, Ella. 2006. “The Status ofAllies in Pre-Islamic and Early Islamic Arabian Society.” Islamic Law and Society 13, no. 1: 6–32.
Makin, Al. 2002. Anti-kesempurnaan: Membaca, Melihat, danBertutur Tentang Islam. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Makin, Al. 2016. Challenging Islamic Orthodoxy: Accounts ofLiaEden and Other Proph-ets in Indonesia. Dordrecht, Holland: Cinnaminson [N.J.], U.S.A.: Springer, Makin, Al. 2013. “From Musaylima to the KharijiteNajdiyya.” Al-Jami’ah 51, no. 1.
h. 33–60.
Makin, Al. 2016. Keragaman Dan Perbedaan, Budaya Dan Agama Dalam Lintas Sejarah Manusia. Yogyakarta: Suka Press.
Makin, Al. 2010. Representing the Enemy: Musaylama in Muslim Literature. Frankfurt am Main. New York: Peter Lang.
Muhammed, Soad Maher. 1979. “The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Center of Is-lamic Civilization.” In Saudi Arabia and Its Place in the World., edited by Ministry of Information, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 77–100. Lausanne, Switzerland: Three Continents Publishers.
Peters, F E. 1995. “Medina.” In The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World, edited by John L Esposito, 3:92–93. New York: Oxford University Press.
Vol. 12 No. 1 Juni 2016 133
Plato. 2000. The republic. Edited by G. R. F Ferrari. Translated by Tom Griffith. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Rubin, Uri. 1984. “The Ilafof Quraysh: A Study of Sura CVI.” Arabica 31, no 2: 165–88.
Serjeant, R B. 1987. “Haram and Hawtah.” In The Encyclopedia of Religion, edited by MirceaEliade, 6:196–98. New York: Macmillan.
Tabari. 1987. The History of Al-Tabari: The Foundation of the Community. Edited by W. Montgomery Watt. Translated by M, V McDonald. Albany, N.Y.: State Univer-sity of New York Press.
Wajdi, Muhammad Farid. 1996. Da»irahma»arif al-qarn al-»ishrin. Vol, 8. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr.
Watt, W. Montgomery. 1986. “Al-Madinah.” In The Encyclopaedia of Islam, edited by C. Edmund Bosworth, van Donzel, Bernard Lewis, and Ch. Pellat, V:994– 98. Leiden: Brill.
Watt, W. Montgomery. 1956. Muhammad at Medina. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Watt, W. Montgomery. 1961. Muhammad: Prophet andStatesman. London: Oxford
University Press.
Biro Haji dan Umrah Darul Hijrah Tour and Travel. Album Kenangan Umrah 12-21 Maret 2016. Darul Hijrah Tour and Travel.
“Good Hotel close to the Prophet’s Mosque - Review of ElafTaiba Hotel, Medina, Saudi Arabia - TripAdvisor.” akses28 April 2016. https://www.tripadvisor.com/ ShowUserReviews-g298551-d306560-r105249399-Elaf_Taiba_Hotel-Medina_Al_Madinah_Province.html.
“Help! Which Hotel Is Best?” Booking.com. akses 30 April 2016. http:// www.booking.com/searchresults.en-gb.html?dest_id=-3092186;dest_type=city.
“Hotel Dekat Al-Masjid Al-Nabawi - TARIF HOTEL TERBAIK Yang Berada Di SekitarTempatIbadahDi Medina, Arab Saudi.” Agoda. 28April 2016. http:// www.agoda.com/id-id/hotels-near-al-masjid-al-nabawi/attractions/medina-sa.html.
“Hotels NearAl-Masjid Al-Nabawi.” IHG. akses28 April 2016. http://www.ihg.com/ destinations/us/en/attractions/843-al-masjid-al-nabawi-madinah-hotels.
“Hotels nearThe Prophet’s Mosque, Saudi Arabia.” Booking.com. akses28 April 2016. http://www.booking.com/landmark/sa/the-mosque-of-the-prophet-mohammad.en-gb.html.
“Hotels.com.” akses28 April 2016. http://www.hotels.com/de1684985/hotels-near-prophet-s-mosque-medina-saudi-arabia/.
“Medina Hotels.” akses 28 April, 2016. https://www.expedia.co.id/Prophets-Mosque-Hotels.0-l6118152-0.Travel-Guide-Filter-Hotels?rfrr=Redirect.-From.www.expedia.com%2FProphets-Mosque-Hotels.0-l6118152-0.Travel-Guide-Filter-Hotels&.
“OMEGA Watches: Al-Hussaini Trading Co, Medinah, Saudi Arabia.” Accessed May 6, 2016. http://www.omegawatches.com/stores/storedetails/1407/.
“RAYMOND WEIL Genève > Search > Swiss Luxury Watches.” akses 6Mai, 2016. http://www.raymond-weil.com/en/stores/search.
134 AFKARUNA
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx? direct=true&scope= site&db=nlebk&db= nlabk&AN= 14037.
“TAG Heuer Store Madina - Luxury Watches in Madina - Paris Gallery Rashid Madina.” Accessed May 6, 2016. http://store.tagheuer.com/143329-paris-gal-lery-rashid-madina.
“Weekly Promotion Madinah.” akses6 Mei, 2016. http://www.bindawood.com/ en/pro_madinah.html.
Winder, R. B. 1986. “Al-Madinah: Modern City.” In The Encyclopaedia ofIslam, edited by C Edmund Bosworth, van Donzel, Bernard Lewis, and Ch. Pellat, V:998–1007. Leiden: Brill.
Nozol Royal Inn Hotel, Al Madinah, Saudi Arabia.” Booking.com. akses 30 April 2016. http://www.booking.com/hotel/sa/royal-inn.en-gb.html.
“Al Noor Mall.” Akses 26 Mei 2016. http://www.alnoormall.com/.
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Published
2016-05-27
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AlMAKIN, M. (2016). Antara Ziarah Religius dan Kapitalisasi di Era Globalisasi: Catatan Etnografis Umrah. Afkaruna: Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Studies, 12(1), 114–134. https://doi.org/10.18196/aiijis.2016.0057.114-134
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