Comparative Study of Financial Reporting Act: The Case Study of Indonesia

Main Article Content

Michelle Claudia
Lindawati Gani
Rafika Yuniasih

Abstract

Research aims: This study evaluates the Indonesian Financial Reporting Bill (hereafter: Bill) and provides a recommendation to the Bill.

Design/Methodology/Approach: A comparative study was carried out by comparing the Bill with Financial Reporting Acts and other related statutory from the United States of America, the United Kingdom, and twenty-seven members of the Asian-Oceanian Standard-Setters Group (AOSSG).

Research findings: From the total of 24 countries, 60 documents were found, which were then manually analyzed for content and themes. Based on the study results: standard-setting board, accountant certification, and practice monitoring program were proposed to be included in the Bill.

Theoretical contribution/Originality: There are few studies on the Financial Reporting Act; therefore, this study seeks to contribute to this gap.

Practitioner/Policy implication: This study’s results provide insight for regulators and strengthen the accounting professions as preparers and auditors of financial statements and other related professions.

Research limitation/Implication: The limitation of this research is to conduct a comparative study of the Indonesian Financial Reporting Bill with the selected countries’ Financial Reporting Acts and similar statutory.

Article Details

How to Cite
Claudia, M., Gani, L., & Yuniasih, R. (2021). Comparative Study of Financial Reporting Act: The Case Study of Indonesia. Journal of Accounting and Investment, 22(2), 310–341. https://doi.org/10.18196/jai.v22i2.10935
Section
Articles

References

Abdullah, K.A., & Al-jafari, M. K. (2011). The effect of Sarbanes- Oxley act ( SOX ) on corporate value and performance. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, 33, 42-55. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288710298_The_effect_of_Sarbanes-Oxley_Act_SOX_on_corporate_value_and_performance

Asian Oceanian Standard Setters Group. (2020). About Us. Retrieved from https://www.aossg.org/

Australia. (2017). Corporations Act 2001. Retrieved from https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2017C00328

Australia. (2018). Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001. Retrieved from https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2018C00438

Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia. (2020). State Losses in the Jiwasraya Case Rp. 16.81 trillion. Press conference. Retrieved from https://www.bpk.go.id/assets/files/attachments/attach_post_1583807718.pdf

Bangladesh. (1973). Chartered Accountants Act 1961 and 1973. Retrieved from http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-details-442.html

Bangladesh. (1994). The Companies Act. Retrieved from https://www.iiiglobal.org/sites/default/files/companiesact_0.pdf

Bangladesh. (2015). The Financial Reporting Act, Pub. L. No. Registered No. DA-1, 1. Retrieved from https://www.frcbd.org/rules-and-regulations/

Bhutta, K. S., & Huq, F. (1999). Benchmarking – best practices: An integrated approach. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 6(3), 254–268. https://doi.org/10.1108/14635779910289261

Brunei Darussalam. (2010). Accountants Order. Retrieved from http://www.agc.gov.bn/AGC%20Images/LAWS/Gazette_PDF/2010/EN/s115.pdf

Brunei Darussalam. (2018). Companies Act Chapter 39. Retrieved from http://www.agc.gov.bn/AGC%20Images/LAWS/ACT_PDF/(Clean%20version)%20Cap%2039.pdf

Cambodia. (2005). Law on Commercial Enterprises. Retrieved from https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/kh/kh011en.pdf

Cambodia. (2016). Law on Accounting and Auditing. Retrieved from http://huskyandpartners.com/images///Law%20Library/Accounting%20and%20Auditing/20180819-Law%20on%20Accounting%20and%20Auditing_2016_En.pdf.pdf

Deloitte. (2020). Financial Reporting Ecosystem (pp. 301–326). Retrieved from https://www2.deloitte.com/global/en/pages/audit/Covid-19/financial-reporting-ecosystem-spring-2020.html#

House of Representatives. (2002). The Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia of 1945. Retrieved from http://www.dpr.go.id/jdih/uu1945

Donaldson, T., & Preston, L. E. (1995). The stakeholder theory of the corporation: Concepts, evidence, and implications. Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 65–91. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1995.9503271992

Dubai. (2015). Federal Law No. 2 of 2015 on Commercial Companies. Retrieved from https://u.ae/en/information-and-services/business/business-regulations

Ellet, W. (2018). The case study handbook: A student’s guide. Harvard Business School Publishing.

Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Pitman Publishing Ins.

Freeman, R. E. (2004). The stakeholder approach revisited. Zeitschrift Für Wirtschafts- Und Unternehmensethik, 5(3), 228–241. https://doi.org/10.5771/1439-880x-2004-3-228

Hong Kong. (2014). Hong Kong - Cap 622 Companies Ordinance (English). Retrieved from https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/hk/cap622?pmc=1&m=1&pm=0

Hong Kong. (2020). Financial Reporting Council Ordinance Cap 588. Hong Kong. Retrieved from https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/hk/cap588?m=1&pm=0&pmc=1

Hossen, S. (2016). Financial Reporting Act (FRA), 2015: A revolutionary era for ensuring effective capital market and economic development in Bangladesh. Global Journal Of Management and Business Research. Retrieved from https://journalofbusiness.org/index.php/GJMBR/article/view/1959

IFRS Foundation. (2018). Annual Report IFRS 2018. Retrieved from www.ifrs.org/about-us/who-we-are.%0Ahttps://www.ifrs.org/-/media/feature/about-us/funding/annual-report-2013.pdf

Institute of Indonesia Chartered Accountants. (2020a). Financial Accounting Standard Board. Retrieved from http://iaiglobal.or.id/v03/tentang_iai/dsak

Institute of Indonesia Chartered Accountants. (2020b). Becoming a Chartered Accountant. Retrieved from http://iaiglobal.or.id/v03/CA/menjadi-CA

India. (1959). The Cost and Works Accountans Act. Retrieved from https://www.mca.gov.in/Ministry/actsbills/pdf/Cost_and_works_Accountants_Act_1959.pdf

India. (2013). The Companies Act. Retrieved from http://www.mca.gov.in/Ministry/pdf/CompaniesAct2013.pdf

Indonesia. (2003). Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 17 of 2003 on State Finance. Retrieved from https://www.dpr.go.id/jdih/index/id/200

Indonesia. (2019). Draft Financial Reporting Bill of the Republic of Indonesia.

Indonesia. (2020). Draft Financial Reporting Bill of the Republic of Indonesia. Retrieved from http://pppk.kemenkeu.go.id/in/post/draf-rancangan-undang-undang-pelaporan-keuangan

Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. (2013). The Chartered Accountants Act 1949. Retrieved from https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A1949-38_0.pdf

Institute of Cost and Management Accountants of Pakistan. (2014). Cost and Management Accountants Regulations, 1990 (Amended 2014). Retrieved from https://www.icmap.com.pk/pdfs/act_n_regulations.pdf

International Financial Reporting Standards Foundation. (2017). About Us. Retrieved November 12, 2020, from https://www.ifrs.org/about-us/who-we-are/

Iraq. (2004). Company Law No. 21 of 1997. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=en&p_isn=83220&p_country=IRQ&p_count=235

Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X

Katadata. (2020a). The Supreme Audit Agency Reveals the Results of the Jiwasraya Insurance Investigation to the House of Representatives today. Retrieved from https://katadata.co.id/berita/2020/02/03/bpk-ungkap-hasil-investigasi-asuransi-jiwasraya-ke-dpr-hari-ini

Katadata. (2020b). TPS Food Restates Financial Report 2017, Loss Swells to IDR 5 Trillion. Retrieved from https://katadata.co.id/berita/2020/02/12/tps-food-sajikan-ulang-lapkeu-2017-rugi-membengkak-jadi-rp-5-triliun

Kazakhstan. (2007). Law on Accounting and Financial Reporting 2007. Retrieved from https://cis-legislation.com/document.fwx?rgn=15233

Ministry of Finance. (2014a). Decree of the Minister of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia Number 263 / KMK.01 / 2014 concerning the Establishment of the stitute of Indonesia Chartered Accountants as the Professional Accountants Association. Retrieved from http://iaiglobal.or.id/v03/image/ca/PMK Akuntan 2014.pdf

Ministry of Finance. (2014b). Minister of Finance Regulation Number 206 / PMK.01 / 2014 concerning the Organization and Work Procedure of the Ministry of Finance. Retrieved from https://jdih.kemenkeu.go.id/fulltext/2014/206~PMK.01~2014PerLamp.pdf

Ministry of Finance. (2017). Regulation of the Minister of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia Number 216 / PMK.01 / 2017 concerning Registered Accountants. Retrieved from https://pppk.kemenkeu.go.id/media/document/1386/PMK-216-PMK.01-2017-Akuntan-Beregister.pdf

Macau. (1993). Financial System Act. Retrieved from https://bo.io.gov.mo/bo/i/93/27/declei32_en.asp

Macau. (2000). Commercial Code. Pub. L. No. Decree-Law no. 40/99/M. Retrieved from https://bo.io.gov.mo/bo/i/99/31/codcomen/codcom0601.asp#c3a642

Malaysia. (2012). Financial Reporting Act 1997, Pub. L. No. 558, 24. Retrieved from http://www.bnm.gov.my/guidelines/01_banking/02_financial_reporting/Financial_Reporting.pdf

Malaysia. (2016). Accountants Act No. 94 of 1967.

Mamic-Sacer, I. (2015). The regulatory framework of accounting and accounting standard-setting bodies in the European Union member states. Financial Theory and Practice, 39(4), 393–410. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3326/fintp.39.4.3

Mongolia. (2002). Law of Mongolia on Accounting (Revised). Retrieved from http://lehmanlaw.mn/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/1.Accounting2001.pdf

Nepal. (2006). Companies Act, 2063. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/87481/99755/F449961155/NPL87481.pdf

Nepal. (2007). Securities Act 2063. Retrieved from http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/securities-act-2063-2007.pdf

New Zealand. (1993). Companies Act 1993, New Zealand Legislation. Retrieved from http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1993/0105/latest/DLM319570.html?src=qs

New Zealand. (2013). New Zealand Institute of Chartered Accountants Act 1996. Retrieved from https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1996/0039/22.0/DLM391364.html

New Zealand. (2018). Financial Reporting Act 2013. Retrieved from https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2013/0101/latest/whole.html

Philippines. (2000). The Securities Regulation Code. Retrieved from https://boi.gov.ph/sdm_downloads/ra-8799-the-securities-regulation-code/

Philippines. (2003). Regulating the Practice of Accountancy in the Philippines [Republic Act No. 9298]. Retrieved from http://www.picpa.com.ph/attachment/6920169527387.pdf

Philippines. (2018). Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines. Retrieved from https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2019/ra_11232_2019.html

Financial Professional Development Center. (2020). Profile of the Financial Professional Development Center. Retrieved from https://www.pppk.kemenkeu.go.id/in/page/profil

Scott, W. R. (2015). Financial accounting theory (7th ed.). Pearson Canada.

Singapore. (2005). Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority Act 2004. Retrieved from https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/ACRAA2004

Singapore. (2006). Companies Act 1994. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=en&p_isn=70983&p_classification=01.03

Singapore. (2008). Accounting Standards Act, Pub. L. No. 39. Retrieved from https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/ASA2007

Sri Lanka. (1995). Sri Lanka Accounting and Auditing Standards. Retrieved from http://www.slaasc.lk/pdf/01.pdf

Sri Lanka. (2007). Companies Act No. 07 of 2007. Retrieved from http://www.drc.gov.lk/en/?page_id=1933

Sri Lanka. (2009). Securities and Exchange Commission of Sri Lanka 1987 (Amended). Retrieved from https://www.srilankalaw.lk/YearWisePdf/2009/SECURITIES_AND_EXCHANGE_COMMISSION_OF_SRI_LANKA(AMENDMENT)_ACT,_No._47_OF_2009.pdf

Thailand. (2000). Accounting Act B.E. 2543. Retrieved from https://www.dbd.go.th/dbdweb_en/download/pdf_law/ACCOUNTING_ACT_BE2543/act/act_accout_be2543.pdf

Thailand. (2004). Accounting Professions Act, B.E. 2547. Retrieved from https://www.tfac.or.th/upload/9414/M0UIn4zcZj.pdf

Thailand. (2019). Securities and Exchange Act, 2535 Retrieved from https://www.sec.or.th/en/documents/actandroyalenactment/act/act-sea1992-amended.pdf

Tuanakotta, T. M. (2013). Detecting financial statement manipulation. Salemba Empat Publishing.

United Kingdom. (2006). UK Companies Act 2006. Retrieved from http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2006/46/pdfs/ukpga_20060046_en.pdf

United States. (2002). Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Retrieved from https://pcaobus.org/About/History/Documents/PDFs/Sarbanes_Oxley_Act_of_2002.pdf

Vietnam. (2003). The Accounting Law. Retrieved from https://luatminhkhue.vn/en/law-no-03-2003-qh11-dated-june-17--2003-of-the-national-assembly-on-accounting.aspx

Vietnam. (2005). Law on Enterprises. Retrieved from http://www.vietnamlaws.com/freelaws/Lw60na29Nov05Enterprises%5B10Apr06%5D.pdf

World Bank. (2018). Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes Accounting and Auditing - Indonesia. Retrieved from http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/478551576872263951/Indonesia-Report-on-the-observance-of-standards-and-codes-accounting-and-auditing.pdf