Design of Wind Power Generator for Tambak Houses

– Wind Power Generation (WPG) requires specific wind conditions to generate electrical energy. Indonesia's wind potential enables the development of small-scale power plants. Innovations in windmill technology need to be developed to ensure maximum results in low wind speed conditions. This research proposes the design and implementation of WPG using a vertical axis to provide lighting for pond houses. The goal is to benefit pond workers in coastal areas that lack electricity from the National Electric Company. The manufacturing stages include design and testing. Based on the design results, the dimensions of the propeller area are 0.393m, the frame height is 1.5m, and the wind turbine height is 0.75m. The performance test of the WPG yielded the highest turbine power value at 15.30 WITA, with a turbine power output of 25.38 Watts.


I. Introduction
Utilization of renewable energy that is used to meet human electricity needs today has been widely used. Both are used for household power sources and lighting for public roads and tambak [1]. At first, the tambak farmers used oil-fired lamps as lighting. However, as time went on, oil prices became more expensive, so they began to switch to using lamps connected to PLN [2]. However, many tambak farmers complain that the basic electricity tariff is expensive because they have to pay a sizable amount to pay for electricity. The design of this wind or wind power plant is expected to solve this problem [3]. The use of renewable energy is currently being developed, namely wind or wind energy. Wind energy can be developed because it does not pollute the environment. The source of wind energy to produce electrical energy is not new. Still, the electrical energy produced is quite limited for several reasons. The potential for wind speed in an area and the duration of the wind in a place are also uncertain [4]. The use of wind power in Indonesia is currently still relatively low. One of the reasons is that wind speeds are still relatively low, ranging from 3m/s to 5m/s, making it difficult to obtain large-scale electrical energy [5]. Even so, the wind potential in Indonesia allows for the development of small-scale power plants [6]. Innovation in designing windmills needs to be developed so that in low wind speed conditions, it can provide maximum results so that a wind power generator is applied using a vertical axis for lighting tambak houses with the hope that it will be helpful to tambak workers who are located in coastal areas that have not been electrified from PLN [7]. Several applications of vertical axis wind turbines, such as [8] discuss the application of vertical axis wind turbines, [9] iscuss the application of vertical axis wind turbines on a home scale, and [10] discuss the application of wind turbines in rural areas.
Based on these problems, developing technology that can be utilized in wind speed conditions that can produce micro-scale (small) electrical energy is necessary. A vertical axis wind turbine is needed in a micro-scale wind power plant for tambak houses to increase the resulting efficiency.
that have been designed and data collection will be carried out in one month final. Data collection will be carried out in Mandalle District, Pangkajene and Islands District.

II.1. Tools and Materials
The tools and materials used in this study are as follows:

Data collection technique
The data collection technique that the author uses is the design method starting from:

Design and Manufacture
This is done by assembling/assembling tools or components according to the needs of the final project to be made.

Testing and Analysis
It is testing to test the circuit made by looking at the current results. From the results, an analysis can be obtained based on the working principle of the tool made.

II.2. Design Stage
The design stage is before Wind Power Generation (WPG) is applied to tambak houses. This stage aims to provide an overview of the system that will run and consider several designs so that the WPG can operate adequately.

Wind Turbine Design Wind Turbine Blade Design
The savonius wind turbine is made of stainless steel material using 3 (three) blades whose construction model is made portable so that it can be assembled and moved quickly.

Wind Turbine Support Frame Design
The turbine frame used is made of angle iron. This mount will support the savonius turbine and its accessories, namely the generator and its transmission mechanism.

II.4. Hold Tool Manufacturing And Assembly
After the tool design stage is complete, we will make and assemble the tool. The steps that must be taken are as follows: 1. Prepare the tools and materials to be used 2. Cutting the plate using a grinder 3. Making savonius type turbine blades 4. Making a savonius type wind turbine frame 5. Installing the wind turbine with its frame 6. Install all the components that have been made

II.5. Tool Testing Procedures
After the manufacturing and assembling stages of the tool are completed, the tool testing stage and data collection stage will be carried out. Testing and data collection are carried out with the following steps: 1. Installing a savonius type wind turbine at the test site 2. Assembling the output of a savonius type wind turbine 3. Ensure that the tools and frames used are correctly installed 4. Ensuring that the savonius type wind turbine rotates properly on its axis 5. Assembling the output device on the savonius type wind turbine 6. Prepare measuring tools used 7. Carry out the testing process 8. Retrieve test time data of the tool at wind speed 9. Testing is complete

II.6. Data Collection Stage
After the wind power plant testing process, then several parameters need to be recorded, namely:

Results and Discussion
This chapter will discuss the results and discussion of wind power plants using vertical type wind turbines. The testing of the wind power generator consists of several stages of testing, where the testing time starts from 11:00 a.m. to 19:50 p.m. From the results of the tests obtained, a discussion was carried out regarding the performance of the tools that had been made.

Field Survey Results
The field survey aims to determine the tambak house's electricity needs and the factors that influence the design. This then becomes the basis for designing a wind power plant. Wind speed data measurement is done by the primary method. The primary method is obtained by taking direct measurements.  The wind turbine that has been made with a frame height of 1.50 cm and has 3 blades. The WPG frame that is made functions as a support and a place to attach the components of the WPG such as turbines, electrical panels, sensors and microcontroller panels. These components are assembled using electric welding and bolts as a seal for each part.

Results of Wind Turbine Electrical System
Design Assembling the electrical system of the Wind Power Plant produces a circuit consisting of a Generator as a tool that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, 1 Phase MCB as a breaker or protector of the electrical system in the event of an excess or short circuit on electricity, SCC as a protector also in charge of carrying out automation on battery / accumulator charging to optimize the system and maintain that battery life can be maximized and finally the battery which functions as a storage place for the electrical energy that has been generated. The following is the result of assembling the electrical system from the WPG.

Wind Turbine Mechanical Test Results
After assembling the mechanical system, the actual dimensions of the turbine can be known so that the results are obtained in Table 4.

Test Results of WPG Without Load
Testing is done in several stages of testing. The first test is when the WPG is without load. This test aims to determine turbine power (Pt), wind power (Pa), generator power (Pg) and input power to the battery (Pb) that can be produced by the WPG that has been made. The WPG that was installed in the yard of the fisherman's pond house was operated for ± 9 hours (details can be seen in Appendix No. 1), so the table of test results is obtained as follows.   Table 4 Table 5, the turbine power values are obtained as follows: P t = 0,39 3 = 0,39 ×1,2 kg/m 3 × 0,393 m 2 × (6,2 m/s) 3 = 43,834 Watt The complete data calculation results will be presented in Table 8.

3) Power Generators (Pg)
To calculate the power of a 1-phase generator, use the formula in equation using data in No. 1 Table 5. The generator power values are obtained as follows:: P g = V × I Is known: Generator Voltage (V) = 58,3 V Generator Current (I) = 0,33 A Then, P g = V × I P g = 58,3 V × 0,33 A P g = 19,24 Watt The complete data calculation results will be presented in Table 8.

4) Battery Power (Pb)
To calculate battery power or input power to the battery using data at No. 1 Table 5, the generator power values are obtained as follows: Battery Voltage (V) = 11,5 V Battery Current (I) = 0,33 A Then, P b = V × I P g = 11,5 V × 0,33 A P g = 3,795 Watt The complete data calculation results will be presented in Table 8.

Load Usage Test Results for WPG
The next test was the use of the load on the WPG. The load used in fisherman pond houses is 1 DC 20 Watt lamp. This test aims to determine the load uses Voltage and Current. Data collection was carried out for ± 9 hours every 10 minutes, and data parameters were measured using an avo meter. The following is a table of test results from using the load on the WPG for 1 hour. In Table 6 it can be seen the results of measuring the Voltage and Current when the WPG is loaded. Based on data number 1, the electric power (lamps) used for the load can be calculated as follows.

Results of Testing the Use of Wind Sensors
In this test, the authors compare wind speed measurements on turbines using an anemometer measuring device (manual) and anemometer sensors (automatic), so the following data can be generated. By comparing these measuring instruments, you can use the following formula to see the error value.
The error value obtained from the comparison of the measuring tools above is 28.387%.

Analysis of Wind Power Plant Data
Based on the calculations that have been carried out, the results obtained from the analysis table of wind turbine testing data are as follows:

2) Relationship of Turbine Power Value and Output
Power to Time The following is a graph of the relationship between turbine power and output power to Time taken from 11.00 WITA to 19.40 WITA.  Figure 15, it can be seen in the graph that the turbine power and output power fluctuate. This is influenced by the wind speed that occurs during the experiment. The wind speed value will affect the turbine power value and output power results. The higher the wind speed value, the turbine power and output power are, the higher the power generated. The power generated by the turbine occurs at 13.50 WITA with a value of 60.421 Watt, while the highest output power is at 15.30 WITA with a turbine power value of 25.380 Watts. The lowest value of the turbine power generated by the WPG is 10.092 Watt at 16.30 WITA, while the lowest output power is 4.030 Watt at 12.10 WITA.

3) Correlation of Turbine Power Value and Output
Power to Time The following graph shows Efficiency results against Time taken from 11.00 WITA to 19.40 WITA. From the graph above, we can see that the optimum efficiency was obtained at 13.00 WITA with a value of 61.925% and the lowest efficiency was obtained at 12.10 WITA 36.938 %. This is because the turbine power value increases as the wind speed increases. However, at the maximum wind speed, the generator power generated tends to be constant, so the resulting efficiency decreases.

IV. Conclusion
From the results of the discussion in the previous chapter, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) The research that has been carried out has resulted in a wind power plant with a propeller area of 0.393 m, a frame height of 1.50 m and a wind turbine height of 0.75 m. The WPG that has been made has fulfilled the lighting needs, namely a DC 20 Watt lamp in the pond house. (2) The results of data analysis prove that wind speed has a value that changes every 10 minutes of data collection. This relates to the resulting output power. The greater the value of the wind speed, the greater the output power generated by the WPG. The highest output power based on the test was at 15.30 WITA with a turbine power value of 25.380 Watt.