Optimizing Proportional Integral (PI) Controller Using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Method in Active Rectifier

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18196/jet.v8i1.22736

Keywords:

Active Rectifier, PI Controller, PSO, Constant Power Load

Abstract

In the era of Industry 4.0, power converters such as Active Rectifiers have become crucial for converting AC voltage to adjustable DC voltage. While implementing a DC Constant Power Load is beneficial, it introduces additional complexity in maintaining power system stability. This research optimizes PI control on Active Rectifiers using the PSO method to address this challenge. The results indicate that the PI controller optimized with PSO achieved a Kp of 0.4509 and a Ki of 2.7611 in tests with resistive loads, and a Kp of 3.1364 and a Ki of 6.8141 in tests with constant power loads. Using constant power loads showed a faster response with lower rise time but often resulted in higher overshoot compared to resistive loads. Nevertheless, both testing conditions demonstrated a stable system without undershoot, confirming the effectiveness of the PI-PSO controller in optimizing the performance of active rectifiers for more responsive and efficient power electronics applications.

References

C. Bai, P. Dallasega, G. Orzes, and J. Sarkis, “Industry 4.0 technologies assessment: A sustainability perspective,” Int. J. Prod. Econ., vol. 229, p. 107776, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2020.107776.

I. Setiawan et al., “Investigation of Symmetrical Optimum PI Controller based on Plant and Feedback Linearization in Grid-Tie Inverter Systems,” 2017.

G. Gruosso, Q. Zhou, and F. Bizzozero, “Comparison among passive and active rectifier for seawave energy production,” 5th Int. Conf. Clean Electr. Power Renew. Energy Resour. Impact, ICCEP 2015,

pp. 493–498, 2015, doi: 10.1109/ICCEP.2015.7177562.

J. Liu, W. Zhang, and G. Rizzoni, “Robust Stability Analysis of DC Microgrids With Constant Power Loads,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 851–860, 2018, doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2697765.

R. R. Nasyrov and R. I. Aljendy, “Comprehensive comparison between hybrid fuzzy-PI and PSO-PI controllers based active power filter for compensation of harmonics and reactive power under different load conditions,” Proc. 2018 IEEE Conf. Russ. Young Res. Electr. Electron. Eng. ElConRus 2018, vol. 2018-Janua, pp. 725–730, 2018, doi: 10.1109/EIConRus.2018.8317195.

Y. Romasevych, V. Loveikin, and V. Makarets, “Optimal constrained tuning of PI-controllers via a new PSO-based technique,” Int. J. Swarm Intell. Res., vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 87–105, 2020.

R. Nagarajan, R. Yuvaraj, V. Hemalatha, S. Logapriya, A. Mekala, and S. Priyanga, “Implementation of PV - Based Boost Converter Using PI Controller with PSO Algorithm,” Int. J. Eng. Comput. Sci., vol. 2, no. 10, pp. 17–24, 2017, doi: 10.18535/ijecs/v6i3.14.

A. M. Nazelan, M. K. Osman, A. A. A. Samat, and N. A. Salim, “PSO-Based PI Controller for Speed Sensorless Control of PMSM,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 1019, no. 1, 2018, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1019/1/012027.

S. Behera, B. Subudhi, and B. B. Pati, “Design of PI controller in pitch control of wind turbine: A comparison of PSO and PS algorithm,” Int. J. Renew. Energy Res., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 271–281, 2016, doi: 10.20508/ijrer.v6i1.3137.g6783.

P. Davari, F. Zare, and A. Abdelhakim, “Active rectifiers and their control,” in Control of Power Electronic Converters and Systems, Elsevier, 2018, pp. 3–52.

J. Benzaquen, F. Fateh, M. B. Shadmand, and B. Mirafzal, “Performance comparison of active rectifier control schemes in more electric aircraft applications,” IEEE Trans. Transp. Electrif., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 1470–1479, 2019.

A. Faidlon, I. Setiawan, and Hermawan, “Basis Active Rectifier Tiga Fase pada Kontroler PI.”

M. Hartmann, H. Ertl, and J. W. Kolar, “Current control of three-phase rectifier systems using three independent current controllers,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 3988–4000, 2013, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2012.2231946.

K. J. (Karl J. Åström, T. Hägglund, and K. J. (Karl J. Åström, PID controllers. International Society for Measurement and Control, 1995.

M. S. Alam, F. S. Al-Ismail, and M. A. Abido, “PV/wind-integrated low-inertia system frequency control: PSO-optimized fractional-order PI-based SMES approach,” Sustainability, vol. 13, no. 14, p. 7622, 2021.

H. Garg, “A hybrid PSO-GA algorithm for constrained optimization problems,” Appl. Math. Comput., vol. 274, pp. 292–305, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.amc.2015.11.001.

V. Veerasamy et al., “A Hankel matrix based reduced order model for stability analysis of hybrid power system using PSO-GSA optimized cascade PI-PD controller for automatic load frequency control,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 71422–71446, 2020.

P. Saini, R. Kumar, and P. K. Juneja, “Design of PI Controller for Consistency of Stock in Paper Machine Headbox using Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO),” in 2019 International Conference on Innovative Sustainable Computational Technologies (CISCT), 2019, pp. 1–6.

M. E. B. Aguilar, D. V. Coury, R. Reginatto, and R. M. Monaro, “Multi-objective PSO applied to PI control of DFIG wind turbine under electrical fault conditions,” Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol. 180, p. 106081, 2020.

U. Sultana, S. H. Qazi, N. Rasheed, and M. W. Mustafa, “Performance analysis of real-time PSO tuned PI controller for regulating voltage and frequency in an AC microgrid,” Int. J. Electr. Comput. Eng., vol. 11, no. 2, p. 1068, 2021.

Downloads

Published

2025-04-16

How to Cite

Anam, M. F., Andromeda, T., & Setiawan, I. (2025). Optimizing Proportional Integral (PI) Controller Using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Method in Active Rectifier. Journal of Electrical Technology UMY, 8(1), 28–35. https://doi.org/10.18196/jet.v8i1.22736

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): June

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Electrical Technology UMY

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Copyright

The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright of the article shall be assigned to Journal of Electrical Technology UMY. Copyright encompasses rights to reproduce and deliver the article in all form and media, including reprints, photographs, microfilms, and any other similar reproductions, as well as translations.

Authors should sign Copyright Transfer Agreement when they have approved the final proofs sent by the journal prior the publication. JET UMY strives to ensure that no errors occur in the articles that have been published, both data errors and statements in the article.

JET UMY keep the rights to articles that have been published. Authors are permitted to disseminate published article by sharing the link of JET UMY website. Authors are allowed to use their works for any purposes deemed necessary without written permission from JET UMY with an acknowledgement of initial publication in this journal.

License

All articles published in JET UMY are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA) license. You are free to:

  • Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
  • Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.

The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. Under the following terms:

  • Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
  • ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
  • No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.