Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science

Formulation and Physical Test of Hair Tonic with Mangosteen Peel Extract (Garcinia mangostana L.)

Anna Lesmanasari Yusuf — 2025-02-25

Hair Tonic is made from the extract of mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana L.) and other additional ingredients, which are beneficial in addressing hair loss and nourishing the hair. Scientifically, mangosteen fruit is known to contain Xanthones and flavonoids that function as antioxidants essential for hair health. These compounds can repair damaged hair cells and promote a conducive skin environment for hair growth. The research employed an experimental method involving the creation of four formulations. The mangosteen peel was extracted through maceration using ethanol as a solvent and then evaporated using a rotary evaporator. Subsequently, it was formulated into a Hair Tonic, and the formulation underwent evaluation. Data analysis was conducted through both qualitative and quantitative analyses. Qualitative analysis included organoleptic testing and homogeneity testing, while quantitative analysis involved pH testing, viscosity testing, specific gravity testing, and stability testing using the freeze-thaw cycling method. The results of the research on the organoleptic test for four formulations showed insignificant color differences, ranging from brown, light brown, and dark brown to transparent brown. Homogeneity evaluation indicates that concentration variations in the hair tonic do not affect the stability of its homogeneity. Observations of pH changes during the cycling test (cycles 1 to 6) show an increase in pH values but still within the standard limits. The viscosity values of the Hair Tonic before and after cycling comply with the standard. In conclusion, the overall physical characteristics of the Hair Tonic are that all formulations are suitable to be used, and all of them comply with the requirements.

FORMULATION AND PHYSICAL QUALITY TESTING OF SOLID SOAP SANDALWOOD OIL (Santalum album L.) COMBINATION OF RAMBUSA LEAF EXTRACT (Passiflora foetida L.) AS AN ANTIBACTERIAL AGAINST Staphylococcus aureus

Susy Husniyah — 2025-02-25

The skin is highly susceptible to infections and other skin diseases, one of which is caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium, with the skin surface as its natural habitat. Sandalwood and rambusa oils are plants known for their antibacterial activity. The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics and physical quality of solid soap formulations made from sandalwood oil combined with rambusa leaf extract to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The method used in this research is experimental. Antibacterial testing was conducted using the disc diffusion method. The results indicated that the addition of sandalwood oil and rambusa extract in solid soap formulations significantly enhanced antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with very strong inhibition. Specifically, the diameter of the inhibition zone in formulation 2 with a 50% concentration averaged 23 mm, while formulation 3 at 50% concentration showed an average of 19.8 mm. At a 100% concentration, formulation 3 showed an average inhibition zone of 26.5 mm. Furthermore, physical quality tests of the solid soap preparations confirmed that the results met the quality standards for solid soap as regulated by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI).

Optimization of FDT Turmeric Rhizome Extract (Curcuma domestica Val.) Using a Combination of Crospovidone and Croscarmellose Sodium

Nurul Hidayati — 2025-02-25

Turmeric rhizome (Curcuma domestica Val.) is a plant that has anti-diarrheal activity. To get an immediate effect and action in the treatment of diarrhea, turmeric rhizome is formulated into a fast-disintegrating tablet (FDT) dosage form. FDT is strongly influenced by super disintegrant (crushing material). Crospovidone is used as a super disintegrant, as it has a wicking effect (capillary action), while croscarmellose sodium has a swelling effect. The study aims to determine the effect of variations in the concentration of crospovidone and croscarmellose sodium on the physical properties of FDT and determine the optimal concentration of crospovidone and croscarmellose sodium. The sample used was a dry extract of turmeric rhizome. The dried extract of turmeric rhizome was made 5 runs with variations of crospovidone 2–5% and croscarmellose sodium 2–5%. Run 1 (2.75%: 4.25%), run 2 (3.5%: 3.5%), run 3 (5%: 2%), run 4 (2%: 5%), and run 5 (4.25%: 2.75%). The responses used included disintegration time, hardness, and restriction tests. The results utilized to determine the optimum formula were derived from the simplex lattice design (SLD) method. The outcomes of the optimal formula testing experiment were based on the findings from 13.0.5 predictive software experts, employing a one-sample t-test analysis at a 95% confidence level. The results of this study indicate that the combination of crospovidone and croscramellose sodium can reduce the response time of disintegration, hardness, and FDT. The optimum formula was obtained with the variation of crospovidone 3.5% and croscarmellose sodium 3.5%.

Formulation & Evaluation Rosella Suspension (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) as Immunomodulator with Variation of Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium Concentration

Angga Anugra Diputra — 2025-02-25

Rosella flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) has proven in previous studies through clinical trials and preclinical trials to be safe as an immunostimulant. The purpose of this study was to determine the stability of suspension preparation by varying the concentration of CMC Sodium as a suspending agent. The suspension preparations into 4 formulas, Formula 0 (without CMC Sodium), Formula 1 (CMC Sodium 1.5%), Formula 2 (CMC Sodium 1.75%), Formula 3 (CMC Sodium 2%). The results in the organoleptical test showed that the dosage form F0 was liquid, F1 and F2 were slightly thick liquid, F3 was thick. Density test results in F0 1.09g/mL, F1, F2 and F3 1.10g/mL. Viscosity test on F0 20.8 cps, F1 128.6 cps, F2 268.6 cps and F3 475.6 cps. The pH test of all formulas is in the acidic range. Sedimentation test F0 = 1, F1 and F2 = 0.97 and F3 = 0.99 or close to 1. Redispersion time test of all preparations <30 seconds. The good formula based on the evaluation of suspension rosellaa preparations, namely F1 and F2 with Na CMC concentrations of 1.5% and 1.75%.

FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT OF GUMMY COMPRISING GINGER (Zingiber officinale), CURCUMA (Curcuma xanthorrhiza), AND LEMONGRASS (Cymbopogon citratus)

Marcelina Handoyo — 2025-02-25

Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Curcuma (Curcuma xanthorriza), and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) are herbal plants widely known by the public to maintain health for various ages, including children. Even though they are beneficial, children tend to find it challenging to accept herbs because of their bitter taste. A method that can reduce the bitter taste of herbs is to prepare them into a gummy. Therefore, this study aimed to formulate those herbal plant extracts into gummy using gelatin. The gummy manufacturing method involved heating, mixing, filtering, molding, and cooling. Due to the Curcuma pH stability, citric acid or tamarind was used as the acid source. Several tests were carried out to ensure the safety and quality of the gummy. They are organoleptic tests, weight uniformity, dimension uniformity, determination of water content, microbial contamination tests, and metal contamination tests. The results show that the gummy formulation meets the organoleptic requirements, weight uniformity, and the dimensions of the gummy.

ANTIOXIDANT TEST OF TONER IN SKINCARE PACKAGES CIRCULATING IN INDONESIAN SOCIETY

Rino Dwi Nurhidayanto — 2025-02-25

Toner has the function of an antioxidant because it can shrink pores and make skin fresher to ward off symptoms of premature aging. In 2021, the use of facial care or skincare products, especially toners, has greatly increased among the public based on online sales results on e-commerce (Shopee and Tokopedia). The purpose of this study was to determine the IC50 value obtained in toner in the skincare package. This study used five toner samples with 5 concentration variations (50 ppm, 100 ppm, 150 ppm, 200 ppm, 250 ppm) and measured antioxidant activity using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer instrument with the DPPH method. The results showed that the best IC50 value was ascorbic acid (vitamin C) as a positive control with an IC50 value of 7.768 ppm and entered the very strong category. Toner 1 had an IC50 value of 62.218 ppm and was categorised as a strong antioxidant. Toner 2 had an IC50 value of 128 ppm and was categorised as a medium antioxidant. Toner 3 IC50 value of 158.972 was categorised as a weak antioxidant, and toner 4 IC50 value of 91.017 ppm is categorised as a strong antioxidant. At the same time, the one with the lowest IC50 value is toner 5, which has an IC50 value of 170.64 and is included in the weak antioxidant category. Of the five toner samples that have the best IC50 value is toner 1, with an IC50 value of 62.218 ppm.