Political Persuasion Through Social Media
Abstract
In contemporary society, social media has emerged as the predominant platform for the dissemination of political information, with a primary goal of influencing user perspectives. Despite its prevalence, scant research has scrutinized the cognitive mechanisms underlying the reception of political messages via social media and their consequent impact on attitude transformation. This study endeavors to investigate the nexus between political information consumption on social media and the efficacy of political persuasion, while also probing the roles of political interest and cognitive elaboration in this persuasive process. Employing a survey methodology distributed through social media networks, the study amassed responses from 470 participants residing in Jakarta and its environs. Findings elucidate the discernible influence of social media usage for political information consumption and cognitive elaboration on the dynamics of political persuasion, whereas political interest exhibited negligible impact. Consequently, this study underscores the potential for political information purveyors to leverage social media platforms to foster cognitive engagement among users, thereby enhancing receptivity to political messaging.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdullah, A. M., Oyibo, K., Orji, R., & Kawu, A. . (2019). The Influence of Age, Gender, and Cognitive Ability on the Susceptibility to Persuasive Strategies. Information, 10(11), 352. https://doi.org/10.3390/info10110352
Akdal, T. (2020). Facebook Use Of Politicians As A Persuasion Media: Istanbul Local Election On 23th. Of June 2019. Turkish Studies, 15(2), 683–702. https://doi.org/10.29228/TurkishStudies.
BBC. (2023). Beriklan miliaran rupiah melalui Meta [Advertise billions of rupiah through Meta]. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/articles/cd1ppdxvw9no
Bode, L. (2016). Political news in the news feed: Learning politics from social media. Mass Communication & Society, 19(1), 24–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2015.1045149
Center, P. R. (2015). State of the news media 2015. http://www.journalism.org/2015/04/29/state-of-the-news-media-2015
Chen, H. T., Kim, Y., & Chan, M. (2022). Just a glance, or more? Pathways from counter-attitudinal incidental exposure to attitude (de)polarization through response behaviors and cognitive elaboration. Journal of Communication, 72(1), 83–110. https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqab046
Diehl, T., Barnidge, M., & Gil de Zúñiga, H. (2019). Multi-platform news use and political participation across age groups: Toward a valid metric of platform diversity and its effects. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 41(1), 95–118. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699018783960
Diehl, T., Weeks, B. E., & Gil de Zúñiga, H. (2016). Political persuasion on social media: Tracing direct and indirect effects of news use and social interaction. New Media & Society, 18(9), 1875–1895. https://doi.org/10/f8336n
Dimitrova, Daniela, Strömbäck, J., Shehata, A., & Nord, L. (2014). The Effects of Digital Media on Political Knowledge and Participation in Election Campaigns: Evidence From Panel Data. Communication Research, 41(1), 95–118.
Druckman, J. N. (2022). A Framework for the Study of Persuasion. The Annual Review of Political Science, 65–88. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-110428
Friestad, M., & Wright, P. (1994). The Persuasion Knowledge Model: How People Cope with Persuasion Attempts. Journal of Consumer Research, 21(1), 1–31.
Gil de Zúñiga, H., Barnidge, M., & Diehl, T. (2018). Political persuasion on social media: A moderated moderation model of political discussion disagreement and civil reasoning. The Information Society, 34(5), 302–315. https://doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2018.1497743
Gil de Zúñiga, H., Borah, P., & Goyanes, M. (2021). How do people learn about politics when inadvertently exposed to news? Incidental news paradoxical Direct and indirect effects on political knowledge. Computers in Human Behavior, 121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106803
Gil de Zúñiga, H., González-González, P., & Goyanes, M. (2022). Pathways to Political Persuasion: Linking Online, Social Media, and Fake News With Political Attitude Change Through Political Discussion. American Behavioral Scientist, September. https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642221118272
Gil de Zúñiga, H., Strauss, N., & Huber, B. (2020). The proliferation of the “news finds me” perception across societies. International Journal of Communication, 14, 1605–1633.
Gil de Zuniga, H., Valenzuela, S., & Weeks, B. (2016). Motivations for political discussion: Antecedents and consequences on civic participation. Human Communication Research, 42(4), 533–552. https://doi.org/10.1111/ hcre.12086.
Goh, D. (2015). Narrowing the knowledge gap: the role of alternative online media in an authoritarian press system. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 92(4), 877–897. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699015596336
Guha, P. (2017). Social Learning Theory in Media. https://classroom.synonym.com/social-learning-theory-in-media-12079602.html
Guo, J., & Chen, H. (2022). How Does Multi-Platform Social Media Use Lead to Biased News Engagement? Examining the Role of Counter-Attitudinal Incidental Exposure, Cognitive Elaboration, and Network Homogeneity. Social Media + Society, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051221129140
Intyaswati, D. (2023). Statistik Sosial: Pengujian Hipotesis Dengan Aplikasi SPSS. Pena Persada Kerta Utama.
Intyaswati, D., Ayuningtyas, F., & Prihatiningsih, W. (2022). Impact of talk shows and variety show television programs viewership on political interest among Indonesian college students. Simulacra, 5(1), 57–68. https://doi.org/10.21107/sml.v5i1.13964
Intyaswati, D., Simanihuruk, H., Supratman, S., & Fairuzza, M. T. (2023). Student Political Efficacy Learning Through Second Screening and Online Discussion. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 13(1). https://doi.org//10.36941/jesr-2023-0011
Karnowski, V., Kümpel, A. S., Leonhard, L., & Leiner, D. J. (2017). From incidental news exposure to news engagement. How perceptions of the news post and news usage patterns influence engagement with news articles encountered on Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 76, 42–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. chb.2017.06.041
Kim, JW, C., Hadha, M., & Gil de, Z. (2018). News media use and cognitive elaboration: the mediating role of media efficacy. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 73, 168–183.
Kim, B., Barnidge, M., & Kim, Y. (2019). The communicative processes of attempted political persuasion in social media environments. The mediating roles of cognitive elaboration and political orientations. Information Technology & People. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-03-2018-0157.
Kim, Y., Chen, H. T., & Gil De Zúñiga, H. (2013). Stumbling upon news on the Internet: Effects of incidental news exposure and relative entertainment use on political engagement. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2607–2614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.06.005
Knoll, J., Matthes, J., & Heiss, R. (2018). No TitleKnoll, J., Matthes, J., & Heiss, R. (2018). The social media political participation model: A goal systems theory perspective. Advanced Online Publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856517750366
Kruikemeier, S., & Shehata, A. (2017). News media use and political engagement among adolescents: An analysis of virtuous circles using panel data. Political Communication, 34, 221–242. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2016.1174760
Kuada, C. M., Tamowangkay, V., & Tulung, T. (2023). Peran Media Sosial Sebagai Sarana Marketing Politik Partai Solidaritas Indonesia (PSI) Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Jurnal Sam Ratulangi Politics Review (SRPolRev), 1(1), 1–6.
Lecheler, S., & de Vreese, C. H. (2017). News Media, Knowledge, and Political Interest: Evidence of a Dual Role From a Field Experiment. Journal of Communication, 67(4), 545–564. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12314
Lodge, M., & Taber, C. S. (2013). The rationalizing voter. Cambridge Univ. Press.
Möller, J., & De Vreese, C. (2015). Spiral of political learning the reciprocal relationship of news media use and political knowledge among adolescents. Communication Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650215605148
Nelson, M. R., Ham, C. D., Haley, E., & Chung, C. (2021). How Political Interest and Gender Influence Persuasion Knowledge, Political Information Seeking, and Support for Regulation of Political Advertising in Social Media. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 21(3), 225. https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2021.1978352
Neundorf, A., Smets, K., & Garcia-Albacete, G. M. (2013). Homemade citizens: The development of political interest during adolescence and young adulthood. Acta Politica, 48, 92–116. https://doi.org/10.1057/ap.2012.23
O’Keefe, D. (2016). Persuasion: Theory and Practice. Sage. 3rd ed.
Oeldorf-Hirsch, A. (2018). The role of engagement in learning from active and incidental news exposure on social media. Mass Communication and Society, 21(2), 225–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2017.1384022
Oeldorf-Hirsch, A., & Sundar, S. S. (2015). Posting, commenting, and tagging: Effects of sharing news stories on Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 44, 240–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.11.024
Ofcom. (2015). News consumption in the UK 2015, executive summary. http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/research/tvresearch/news/2015/News_consumption_in_the_UK_2015_executive_summary.pdf
Osmundsen, M., Bor, A., Vahlstrup, P., Bechmann, A., Petersen, B. M., & M. (2021). Partisan polarization is the primary psychological motivation behind political fake news sharing on Twitter. American Political Science Review, 115(3), 999–1015.
Pennycook, G., McPhetres, J., Zhang, Y., Lu, J., & Rand, D. (2020). Fighting COVID-19 Misinformation on Social Media: Experimental Evidence for a Scalable Accuracy-Nudge Intervention. Psycholology Science, 31(7), 770–780. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797620939054
Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion. In Communication and Persuasion. Springer.
Pew Research Center, & Press, for the P. and the. (2014). 6 new facts about Facebook. http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/02/03/6-new-facts-about-facebook/
Rahmatika, A. (2015). Pengaruh Terpaan Humor Politik Terhadap Voting Intention di Kalangan Pemilih Pemula (Studi Eksperimental Parodi Prabowo VS Jokowi dengan Pendekatan Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM). https://www.academia.edu/11348898/Pengaruh_Terpaan_Humor_Politik_Terhadap_Voting_Intention_Di_Kalangan_Pemilih_Pemula_Studi_Eksperimental_Parodi_Prabowo_VS_Jokowi_dengan_Pendekatan_Elaboration_Likelihood_Model_ELM_
Russo, S., & Stattin, H. (2017). Stability and change in youths’ political interest. Social Indicators Research, 132, 643–658. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1302-9
Sahal, U. (2023). Marak Kampanye Lewat Media Sosial Jelang Pemilu, Ini Kata Dosen UM Surabaya. https://www.um-surabaya.ac.id/article/marak-kampanye-lewat-media-sosial-jelang-pemilu-ini-kata-dosen-um-surabaya%0A
Shahin, S., Saldaña, M., & Gil de Zúñiga, H. (2020). Peripheral elaboration model: The impact of incidental news exposure on political participation. Journal of Information Technology and Politics, 00(00), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2020.1832012
Shehata, A., & Amnå, E. (2019). The Development of Political Interest Among Adolescents: A Communication Mediation Approach Using Five Waves of Panel Data. Communication Research, 48(6), 1055–1077. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650217714360
Sjoraida, D. F., Dewi, R., Adi, A. N., & Dipa, A. . (2021). Penggunaan media sosial dalam membangun reputasi anggota legislatif di Jawa Barat. PRofesi Humas, 6(1), 89–110.
Sunstein, C. (2017). #Republic: Divided Democracy in the Age of Social Media.
Tay, G. J. S. (2014). Binders full of LOLitics: Political humour, internet memes, and play in the 2012 US Presidential Election (and beyond). https://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/handle/2292/30435
Venus, A., Intyaswati, D., & Prihatiningsih, W. (2023). The role of cognitive elaboration in social media political information consumption and persuasion. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2221430
Weeks, B. E., Ardèvol-Abreu, A., & Zúñiga, H. G. de. (2017). Online Influence? Social Media Use, Opinion Leadership, and Political Persuasion, International. Journal of Public Opinion Research, 29(2), 214–239. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edv050
Wells, C., Thomme, V. J., & Maurer, P. (2016). Coproduction or cooptation? Real-time spin and social media response during the 2012 French and US presidential debates. French Politics, 14, 206–233.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/jkm.21133
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Komunikator
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Komunikator Supported by:
Program Studi Ilmu Komunikasi Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Politik Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta,
Jl. Lingkar Selatan Yogyakarta 55183 Po Box 1063, telp. (0274) 387656 pesawat 175, fax: (0274) 387646, email: jurnal.komunikator@gmail.com komunikator@umy.ac.id, website: journal.umy.ac.id
Komunikator Incorporates with:
Komunikator is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) license.