JMPM (Jurnal Material dan Proses Manufaktur)

The Influence of Sea Water Immersion on the Mechanical Properties and Structure of Carbon Fiber/Polyester-PEG Composite Materials

2025-02-26T21:40:30+07:00

Structural batteries are a crucial solution in dealing with issues related to vehicle electrification to achieve energy sustainability in the future. However, the development of structural battery technology for electric-powered ships is still very limited. In particular, there are limitations in evaluating the mechanical performance of carbon fiber/polyester-PEG based composite materials for structural battery applications in electrically powered vessels. The main focus of this research is to fabricate carbon fiber/polyester-PEG to further observe the performance of its mechanical properties and structure when interacting with sea water. The value of the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to the fabrication carried out was varied by 0%, 10%, and 25%. The results show that addition of 10% PEG produces a composite with the highest tensile strength, increasing the toughness of the polyester material. However, all samples experienced a decrease in tensile strength after immersion due to decreased bond performance between the fibers and seawater. The addition of 25% PEG resulted in a significant decrease in mechanical properties because high levels of PEG content made the sample easily brittle and destroyed when interacting with seawater. This research can provide initial studies on the development of carbon fiber/polyester-PEG composite materials that can be used as structural battery building materials for future electric boat applications.

Low-Cost Production of Ca(OH)2 Nanopowder Utilizing Chicken Eggshell as A Single Source

2025-02-26T21:38:35+07:00

This article reports utilization of chicken eggshell waste as a single source for producing Ca(OH)₂ nanopowder by ultrasonic-assisted precipitation method. The effect of heating treatment on the structure, morphology, and functional groups of Ca(OH)₂ was investigated. Chicken eggshell waste was calcined to obtain CaO powder and then converted into CaCl₂ by dissolving it in an HCl solution. Synthesis of Ca(OH)₂ nanopowder was carried out by gradually dropped the NaOH solution into the CaCl₂ solution while being irradiated with an ultrasonic wave. The heating treatment was carried out at 100^oC, 200^oC, and 400^oC, respectively. Ca(OH)₂ samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and infrared spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the Ca(OH)₂ samples had a single crystal phase, and the crystal size varied with different heating temperature. Surface morphology showed the fine microstructure of Ca(OH)₂ samples, finer as temperature increased. FTIR analysis showed that the functional groups appeared which indicated that the chemical structure of the Ca(OH)₂ compound had been formed.

The Analysis of The Failure in Crude Oil Transmission Pipeline Segment BS CLM–BS CMS PT PQR

2025-03-19T21:30:59+07:00

The pipeline refers to the API 5L Grade B standard, with a diameter of 8 inches and a length of 212 km. The design life of the pipeline is 20 years. However, after being in operation, it experienced two leak incidents in the same segment within one year. This condition disrupted the oil delivery from PT PQR's field. Therefore, a study is needed to determine the causes of the pipeline's failure before reaching its design life. The investigation involved visual observation of the pipeline samples, pipe thickness testing, chemical composition testing, and microstructural analysis of the leakage area. Additionally, characterization tests were conducted on the elements present in the corrosion product deposits. Process fluid testing was also performed to determine the anion, cation, and scale formation tendency based on Valone & Skillern's guidelines. The results showed visual thinning on the inner surface of the pipeline at the 6 o'clock position. Chemical composition testing revealed no differences from the standard API 5L Grade B composition. SEM analysis in the leakage area identified corrosion morphology caused by dissolved CO2. XRD analysis of the corrosion deposits indicated the presence of siderite (Fe2CO3), hematite (Fe3O4), and iron (Fe) compounds. The pipeline failure occurred due to the presence of corrosive substances, specifically produced water. This condition caused the pipe surface at the 6 o'clock position to be exposed to produced water, initiating the formation of hydrogen ions (H⁺) and bicarbonate ions (HCO₃^-).

Analysis of Manufacturing Process on a Corn Husker, Corn Sheller, and Corn Cob Crusher Machine Method Screw Using Motor 0.5 HP

2025-05-27T20:21:12+07:00

Corn is one of the staple foods utilized by humans as a food source and for other products; the planting, harvesting, and processing of corn significantly affect its quality. Generally, the problem faced by corn farmers is during the harvest season, where corn that is ready for harvest requires a very complicated process to obtain corn seeds. Generally, farmers perform the tasks of husking and shelling corn using their hands or makeshift tools. From this complex process, this research was conducted with the aim of designing a corn husker, corn sheller, and corn cob crusher machine. The process used in this machine is based on the principle of transfer using a screw conveyor that will move from the peeling process to the shelling process and finally to the corn cob crushing process. This research uses the method of manufacturing process analysis of several components that make up the machine and the calculation of the production cost of goods manufactured. From the results of the analysis of the research on the manufacture of the peeling machine, corn sheller, and corn cob crusher, the production cost of goods manufactured was obtained at Rp. 4,066,919, and the machine processing time was 11.4 hours

CFD Study on Wire Mesh Inserts Enhancing Heat Transfer in Double Pipe Heat Exchanger

2025-07-07T14:02:44+07:00

The efficiency of heat transfer in conventional double pipe heat exchangers (DPHE) was often limited by low heat transfer coefficients. This posed a challenge for compact-scale industrial applications requiring enhanced thermal performance without increasing system dimensions. One potential solution was the insertion of wire mesh inside the pipe to induce local turbulence and intensify forced convection. This study was conducted numerically using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in ANSYS Fluent 2024 R2. The DPHE consisted of concentric copper pipes with a length of 1240 mm, inner pipe diameter of 26/34 mm, and outer pipe diameter of 68/76 mm. Water was used as the working fluid in counterflow mode, with inlet hot water at 70 °C (Re 4000–16000) and cold water at 31 °C (Re 2000). The parameters varied were wire mesh angle (30°, 60°, 90°), wire spacing (3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm), and mesh spacing (4 cm, 5 cm, 6 cm), arranged using an L9 orthogonal array. Three-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test were applied to identify significant effects. The configuration of 30°, 3 mm, and 4 cm was found to be the most optimal, yielding a 34.55% increase in heat transfer compared to the plain DPHE.

Effect of Environmental Moisture on Surface Roughness of FDM and SLA Fabricated Components

2025-06-05T11:47:06+07:00

This study aims to analyze the surface characteristics and moisture contents of three different 3D printed materials, namely Polylactic Acid (PLA) filament, bio-based resin, and standard translucent resin, produced using two distinct manufacturing processes: Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) for filament materials and Stereolithography (SLA) for resin material. The moisture content was measured using a Moisture Analyzer, and surface characteristics were examined by capturing images through a digital microscope. The results of the moisture content measurement indicated that all three materials exhibited hydrophobic properties with low water content under similar treatments. Among the materials, bio-based resin demonstrated the highest moisture content of 1.53%, followed by translucent resin with 1.26%, and PLA filament with 1.11%. Furthermore, a correlation between applied temperature and moisture content was observed, with translucent resin showing the most stable results, consistently increasing with higher temperatures. In contrast, bio-based resin and PLA filament exhibited unstable behaviours. Surface observation using surface roughness and the digital microscope revealed distinct patterns for the two manufacturing processes. For resin specimens, defects on the surface were evident at lower temperatures and increased with rising temperature. In contrast, PLA filament demonstrated a different surface change pattern, characterized by material melting, leading to a smoother surface. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the surface characteristics and moisture content of 3D printed materials produced through different manufacturing processes. The findings highlight the importance of material selection and processing parameters in achieving desired material properties for various applications in 3D printing.

Design of Paper Foil and Laminating Machine as Lining Material for Paper Bags

2025-05-17T12:13:08+07:00

In order to enhance the contribution of MSMEs as a key driver of Indonesia’s economic growth, the development of small- to medium-scale production machines is essential. This is particularly important as MSMEs face increasing competition and more complex customer demands. This study aims to design and develop a simple production machine using CAD software and Autodesk Inventor to improve productivity and quality in the paper bag manufacturing process. Currently, production is carried out manually, resulting in limited capacity and product quality. The machine being designed serves to perform the paper gluing and rolling processes with foil lamination. The design integrates the gluing and rolling mechanisms into a single unit equipped with an automatic rotating system. This setup significantly reduces production time, thereby increasing both capacity and quality compared to the manual process. Simulation analysis of force, stress, and safety factor was carried out assuming the frame receives a load of 120 N, based on conditions close to reality. The results show a maximum Von Mises stress of 97.91 MPa and a minimum of 0 MPa. The maximum displacement is 0.5844 mm, and the minimum is 0 mm. The safety factor at the top frame section is 2.55 ul. Meanwhile, for testing under a 12 kg load, the results show a maximum Von Mises stress of 108.8 MPa, a displacement of 0.6488 mm, and a safety factor of 2.3 ul.

Design Improvement of Mold Bracket for Quarter Trim to Reduce Ejector Mark Defects

2025-05-22T21:05:24+07:00

This study focuses on improving the quarter trim bracket mold in the mold making division to
mitigate the risk of ejector marks, which were identified through long-term analysis. The author redesigned the mold by considering the ejector layout, cooling layout, clamping force
calculations, and number of pressure plates, to ensure the product is free from defects. The
addition of an ejector pin in the rib area is proposed as a solution to minimize this problem. The quarter trim bracket mold is designed using two pressure plates measuring 30 x 60 mm and four measuring 30 x 80 mm, with a total pressure plate area reaching 13,200 mm². Based on calculations, this part requires a clamping force of 14.5 tons to be produced on a 30 ton capacity injection machine. This clamping force is important to keep the mold tightly closed during the production process, and is calculated based on the cavity pressure in the mold and the shot area. All mold designs are created following company standards to ensure accuracy of sizes and calculations. This research is expected to improve production quality and operational efficiency.

The Effect of Banana Frond Waste Fibers Compared to Glass Fibers on The Mechanical Properties of Composites

2024-11-23T08:32:21+07:00

This study investigates the mechanical properties of composites reinforced with banana frond waste fibers compared to those reinforced with traditional glass fibers. The increasing environmental concerns and the need for sustainable materials have driven the exploration of natural fibers as viable alternatives to synthetic fibers in composite materials. Banana frond waste, a byproduct of banana cultivation, offers a renewable and biodegradable option for composite reinforcement.Composites were fabricated using both banana frond waste fibers and glass fibers, and their mechanical properties, including tensile strength, bending strength, and impact resistance, were evaluated and compared. The results indicated that while glass fiber composites exhibited higher overall mechanical performance, banana frond waste fiber composites showed competitive properties, particularly in terms of impact resistance and specific strength. The natural fibers demonstrated adequate bonding with the polymer matrix, contributing to the composite's overall integrity.Moreover, the use of banana frond waste fibers significantly reduced the composite's environmental footprint, making them a promising alternative for various applications where moderate mechanical performance is sufficient. The study highlights the potential of banana frond waste fibers as a sustainable reinforcement material, encouraging further research and development in this area to optimize their mechanical properties and broaden their application scope.

Optimization and Testing of Young Coconut Peeling Machines for Productivity Enhancement

2024-12-05T07:41:55+07:00

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan mengoptimalkan mesin pengupas kulit kelapa muda, meningkatkan efisiensi produksi, dan memperbaiki kualitas hasil pengupasan. Latar belakang penelitian didasarkan pada kebutuhan akan alat yang lebih efisien dibandingkan metode manual yang hanya mampu mengupas sekitar 45 buah kelapa per jam. Metode penelitian meliputi perancangan, perakitan, dan pengujian mesin dengan berbagai model pisau dan motor listrik. Proses perancangan menggunakan software Autodesk Inventor, dan pengujian dilakukan dengan mengukur waktu pengupasan serta kualitas hasil pengupasan. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh variasi model pisau dan daya motor terhadap efisiensi pengupasan kelapa muda, dengan menggunakan mesin dengan motor listrik 1/2 HP pada 1400 RPM yang mampu mengupas 68 kelapa per jam, sehingga menghasilkan peningkatan produksi sebesar 51% dibandingkan dengan metode manual. Penggunaan mesin ini tidak hanya meningkatkan efisiensi waktu dan tenaga, tetapi juga menghasilkan produk yang lebih konsisten. Kesimpulan menunjukkan bahwa mesin pengupas kulit kelapa muda ini mampu meningkatkan produktivitas dan kualitas hasil pengupasan, memberikan solusi inovatif dalam industri pengolahan kelapa muda. Penelitian ini menyarankan penggunaan mesin pengupas untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan kualitas dalam pengolahan kelapa muda, mengoptimalkan produksi, dan mengurangi risiko cedera kerja yang sering terjadi pada metode manual.