JMPM (Jurnal Material dan Proses Manufaktur)

Evaluation and Identification of Opportunities for Saving Electrical Energy Consumption in Artificial Lighting Systems Inside Buildings

La Ode Rajen Toinda, Sunardi Sunardi — Fri, 31 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The artificial lighting system is a major component in a building, consuming up to 50% of its electrical energy. Hence, it is crucial to evaluate and identify opportunities for energy savings. Industries involve numerous operational instruments, one of which is building structures with artificial lighting systems. The requirements for artificial lighting systems consider energy conservation principles aimed at achieving energy consumption efficiency during operation. Therefore, a series of energy management activities and energy conservation evaluations are conducted through an audit of the artificial lighting system in a building with 50 rooms (the study object). The audit method used is the Short Energy Audit (SEA) to calculate Energy Consumption Intensity (ECI) under actual conditions (condition 1) and predictions under improvement conditions (condition 2). The results depict an energy usage portrait (evaluation) showing that 100% of electricity consumption is efficient, with the ECI target standard at 2,5 kWh/m². The percentage saving (PS) in condition 1 are 68,058% and in condition 2 are 64,967%, indicating that improvements will not significantly alter the energy saving opportunities but will provide considerable benefits in operational investment. Recommendations include making small short-term investments in repairs, maintenance, optimizing lighting system operations, and conducting initial energy audits

Effect of Temperature on Co-Pyrolysis of Palm Kernel Shell and Plastic Waste under Natural Catalysts

Thoharudin Thoharudin, Muhammad Nadjib, Maulana Wahyu Ayatullah — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Pyrolysis is a potential process for converting solid waste, such as biomass and plastic waste, into useful fuels and chemicals in liquid, solid, and gas forms. The pyrolysis temperature is a critical factor that influences the amount and quality of the product. Furthermore, the use of natural catalysts such as calcium oxide and natural zeolite affects the pyrolysis products. Thus, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of temperature on the amount and quality of pyrolysis products, especially pyrolysis oil, using calcium oxide and natural zeolite catalysts. Pyrolysis was carried out in a stainless steel fixed-bed reactor. The temperature was kept at 400, 450, and 500 oC. The pyrolysis vapor was cooled with a water-jacket condenser, and the oil and wax were collected in an oil chamber. This study found that the pyrolysis temperatures had a substantial impact on the pyrolysis product yields by reducing the char product from 31.25% to 13.9% when the temperature rose in tandem with the fluctuations of other products (wax, liquid, and non-condensable gas). At 450 oC, the liquid product acquired its maximum density, viscosity, heating value, and acidity, which were 906.7 kg/m3, 2.2 cSt, 37.83 MJ/kg, and pH 6.2, respectively. Furthermore, increased temperature promoted the formation of aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Improving the Bending Quality of SUS 201 1B Material by Optimization of the Processing Parameters using Taguchi Method

Axel Satya Pramudya, Aditya Nugraha — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Sheet metal bending was a type of sheet metal forming process that produced sheet metal bending according to a certain angle and length using a die. The formed process caused elastic and plastic deformation, resulting in springback and sheet metal elongation. The research analysed used the Taguchi method to find the best arrangement of bending parameters that produced the best bending angle and side length. The bending parameters selected in the study were material cutting orientation factor, punch velocity, and holding time. The ANOVA method would follow the tested results to determine the contribution of each parameter tested. The results stated that the material cutting orientation 0-degree, punched velocity of 10 mm/s, and holding time of 5 seconds was the best parameter arrangement that produced the best bending angle with the smallest springback angle. The bending parameter arrangement for the best-bending side length was a material cutting orientation of 0 degrees, pressing speed of 15 mm/s, and holding time of 5 sec, it minimize springback, significantly optimizing the deformation process for SUS 201 1B materials. The studied results concluded that the material cutting orientation factor had the largest contribution to the angle and length of the bending side, with a percentage contribution of 98.105% and 98.499%.

Performance of the Turbocharged Engine Toyota Raize using Pertamax 92 and Pertamax Green 95

Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The automotive industry has experienced rapid technological advances in the development of more developed and efficient vehicles. An example is the Toyota Raize, which is equipped with a 3-cylinder turbocharged engine. Along with technological advances, issues have arisen regarding the use of optimal fuel to maintain engine performance. In the Indonesian market, Pertamina fuel is the main choice for consumers such as Pertamax 92 and Pertamax Green 95. The difference in octane values between the two raises questions about their impact on the performance of the Toyota Raize engine with a Turbocharger. A study was conducted on what fuel is better to use in a 3-cylinder turbocharged engine at varying engine speeds using experimental and theoretical research methods. The results showed that at engine speed 6000 RPM, the torque produced by Pertamax 92 reaches 130.8 Nm, while Pertamax Green 95 reaches 145.1 Nm. At the same speed, Engine power produced by Pertamax 92 reaches 110.2 HP, while Pertamax Green 95 records 122.2 HP. At low engine speed, Pertamax Green 95 is more efficient in fuel consumption whereas Pertamax 92 is more efficient at high speed. Pertamax Green 95 also produces a lower average CO2 concentration compared to Pertamax 92. In conclusion, Pertamax Green 95 fuel is more consistent and efficient and provides more optimal performance compared to Pertamax 92.

Analysis Index of Retained Strenght on AC-WC Asphalt Mixture with the Addition of Cigarette Filter Waste as an Alternative for Asphalt Modification

Rahmat Arifudin, Tantin Pristyawati, Iwan Ristanto — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0700

In order to provide an alternative asphalt mixture that is more durable, various efforts have been made to improve the quality of asphalt, therefore research is needed on polymer modified asphalt by replacing some of the asphalt with cigarette filter waste. In this study, cigarette filter waste was substituted into asphalt with proportions of 2%, 5%, and 8%. The purpose of this study was to determine the percentage of cigarette filter waste that affects the AC-WC mixture based on marshall characteristics and residual stability. The optimum asphalt content (KAO) used was 5.1%, with the results showing that the addition of cigarette filter waste affected the marshall characteristic values, namely the specific gravity value, Voids Filled with Asphalt (VFA), and the highest stability was at a variation of 2%, while the Voids in Mix (VIM), Void in Mineral Aggregate (VMA), and the highest flow. were at a variation of 8%. The residual stability index test showed that water affected the durability of the AC-WC mixture, as evidenced by the highest value in the 24-hour immersion variation with a cigarette filter content of 2% which decreased with increasing immersion time. The addition of cigarette filter waste into the AC-WC mixture has met the Bina Marga Specifications in the Marshall characteristic test, but the change in the residual stability index was only at a soaking time of 24 hours, while for other periods it did not comply with the Bina Marga specifications.

Comparative Study of Macro Program Machining and CAM 2.5D Machining for Press Dies Manufacturing

Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The manufacturing industry extensively utilizes machining and casting processes for die fabrication. Due to the inherent dimensional inaccuracies and surface roughness of casting, machining is often required to achieve desired accuracy and finish. Traditional computerized numerical control machining relies on individual programming using macro programming or computer-aided manufacturing software for operations such as facing, which can be inefficient and prone to error. This study aims to evaluate and compare the efficiency and accuracy of macro programming and CAM 2.5D in CNC milling specifically for press die manufacturing. Macro programming is used for automating complex and repetitive machining by incorporating variables, expressions, and logic directly to machine whereas CAM 2.5D refers to programming using software in G-code format with capability to work not only two-dimensional planes but also limited vertical movement. Experimental results indicate that CAM 2.5D offers a time-saving advantage by about 2 hours while macro programming allows for greater accuracy in machining. Industries are encouraged to utilize both macro programming and CAM 2.5D to achieve a balance of speed, accuracy, and flexibility, optimizing their CNC machining processes for both large-scale and precision-focused operations.