Efficiency and Transparency in Village Fund Budget for Buluh Perindu BUMDes Management at Baru Semerah Village

Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk tujuan mengetahui pengaruh Efisiensi dan Transparansi Penggunaan Anggaran Dana Desa Terhadap Pengelolaan Potensi Ekonomi Desa. penelitian ini berjenis kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Adapun teknik yang diterapkan dalam proses pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini yaitu Observasi, Dokumentasi, dan Kuesioner (angket). Teknik dalam penentuan jumlah responden menggunakan rumus slovin dengan hasil sebanyak 223 responden. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan software SmartPLS 3.2.9 dan sistem Partial Least Square serta Structural Equation Modeling (PLS/SEM), dalam prosedur pengolahan datanya. Agar nantinya bisa menjelaskan hubungan antar variabel serta melakukan analisis terhadap tes tunggal. Dalam penelitian ini terdapat satu variabel dependen yaitu Potensi Ekonomi Desa yang diwakilkan dengan Simbol (Y) dan dua variabel independen yaitu Efisiensi dengan simbol (X1) dan Transparansi Dengan Simbol (X2). Hasil dari


INTRODUCTION
A village directly in contact with the community is the main center for government expansion because most of Indonesia's territory is rural.The activities outlined in the Village Draft Budget are financed by the village government's source of income.One source of village government funds, as stated in the 2014 Domestic Government Regulation.According to Article 1, Paragraph 2 of Government Regulation Number 60 of 2014, Village funds originate from the APBN and are allocated to villages.These funds are transferred through the district or city APBD to finance governance, community development, and empowerment.With the ADD (Alokasi Dana Desa), each regency or city allocates it to villages based on the number of villages, taking into account (30%) of the total population (20%) of the village area and paying attention (50%) of the poverty rate of villagers.This budget must also be adapted to the geographical conditions of each village using the results of the calculations above.As discussed earlier, by making village-by-village programs effective and equitable, central spending is at the heart of the budget allocation for these funds.Ten percent (10%) of the budget is allocated directly to villages, excluding additional regional transfer funds.Since 2015, the government in Indonesia has distributed village funds based on the mandate of Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Villages.Following this mandate, the government disburses Village Funds with a transfer procedure to the regency or city.Many villages in Indonesia still depend on ADD (Alokasi Dana Desa).
In the past two years, Indonesia has experienced a crisis caused by COVID-19, so the village government used the Village Fund Budget intended to handle the outbreak and improve the national economy, which has declined due to the virus.Based on PDTT Village Minister Regulation Number 7 of 2021 concerning the Priority for Use of Village Funds in 2022, Village Funds are prioritized for national economic recovery, national priority programs, and mitigation and management of natural and non-natural disasters according to village authority.Based on the PERMENDES, the Village Fund in 2022 is prioritized for economic recovery in Community Empowerment.
However, in the process, the policy was handed over to each village due to regional autonomy in Law No. 23 of 2004.Regional autonomy is an autonomous region's rights, powers, and obligations to regulate and manage its government affairs and the local community's interests within the Republic of Indonesia.The village government has the authority to use the Village Fund budget based on existing potentials to increase the Village economy (Community Empowerment).The village government must manage village finances effectively and transparently.What is interpreted as transparent is that village financial management is open and effective, meaning that village finances are managed properly and correctly.
Based on previous research conducted in the Sukorejo sub-district, village funds were intended for empowerment and infrastructure development.However, when the pandemic hit, the village fund management process was redirected and changed a lot for handling and preventing COVID-19 instead of fulfilling the basic needs of village communities.The difference is efficiency from 2019 to 2020, which has decreased by 6.84% (Akmalia Wardah & Firda, 2021).Ali Khadirin et al. (2021 found that the average efficiency level in managing Village Funds in Tegalarum Village, Mranggen District, Demak Regency was 95.57%, which met the criteria for efficiency, and the average level of effectiveness was 95.60%, which meant effective. Regarding transparency in using Village Funds, partial transparency does not affect village financial management, while accountability affects village financial management.However, transparency and accountability simultaneously affect village financial management with a contribution value of 29.2% (Fitri Sukmawati & Alfi Nurfitriani, 2019).In contrast to the findings from Christina and Linda (2020), transparency partially had a significant effect on managing Village Fund Allocations.Transparency significantly affected village fund allocations in realizing good governance at Manulea Village, Sasitamean District, Malacca Regency.Meanwhile, Sofian (2018) revealed that transparency significantly affected village funds' management, although partially, transparency did not significantly affect the management of the Village Fund.
Baru Semerah Village is located in Tanah Cogok District, Kerinci Regency.Based on the observations, the Baru Semerah Village Government has followed the Regulation of the Minister of Village of PDTT Number 7 of 2021 concerning Priority for the Use of Village Funds in 2022 through community empowerment programs.The program implemented by the Village Government is the Bamboo Forest Tourism Village program with the intent and purpose of improving the community's economy through MSMEs in the village, but judging from the existing facts on the ground, these tourist attractions are less attractive to both residents and non-local, and there are still many villagers who do not know the number of funds earmarked for the development of these tourist attractions.
Therefore, the researchers want to study the Efficiency and Transparency of the Village Fund Budget on Managing Economic Potential: A Study on BUMDes Buluh Perindu at Baru Semerah Village, Tanah Cogok District, Kerinci Regency, Jambi Province.
The problem formulation has been arranged into a question, and the hypothesis is used as a temporary answer.The answers will only be based on relevant theories, not empirical facts obtained through data collection.Therefore, they are called temporary.A hypothesis can also be referred to as a theoretical, but not yet empirical, response to a research question.
The following are the hypotheses formulated in this study: H0: There is a significant influence from the efficiency of using the village budget on managing the village's economic potential.H1: A significant effect is found in the transparency of village budget funds on managing the village's economic potential.

RESEARCH METHODS Place and Time of Research
The research process was conducted in Baru Semerah Village, Kerinci Regency.The research object was emphasized to the residents/communities in the village.The village government was also a second source of information to obtain accurate information to assist researchers in conducting research.The research occurred from December 2022 to January 2023.

Research Approach
This research used a quantitative descriptive approach.Sugiyono (2007) defined quantitative research as a philosophical foundation of ¬positivism, applied to analyze a particular sample or population.The procedures used in data collection were applied to research instruments and the investigation with statistical/quantitative characteristics to test the data.A quantitative descriptive research methodology aims to obtain organized, actual, and careful facts, population characteristics, and a certain scope.

Data Types and Sources
Primary data or results of field research are obtained through the first source directly where the research was done.Primary data is from the first party without any intermediaries, such as second parties.The data sources in this study were residents/communities at Baru Semerah Village, obtained through a questionnaire technique filled out by residents/village communities.

Data Collection Technique Observation
According to Sugiyono ( 2007), observation has more special characteristics than other techniques, such as interviews and questionnaires, where these techniques always  2014) defined documents as written materials or objects related to certain events or activities.Events that occurred long ago can be researched and understood based on a review of documents or archives, whether directly or indirectly related to a thorough matter.

Questionnaire
Sugiyono ( 2007) defined the questionnaire technique as collecting data with a set of questions, which are then distributed to respondents to be answered.

Data Measurement Scale
According to Husein Umar (2014), in measuring research data, a measuring scale (Likert) is used as a notification regarding individual actions in understanding something.The respondents were asked to complete a statement on an ordinal (interval) scale.The Likert scale benchmarked attitudes, opinions, and individual or group understanding of existing social phenomena.
A Likert scale was used, as described in Table 1, to obtain accurate information to assist researchers in conducting research.

Population, Sample, and Sampling Technique
The population used as subjects in the research was the residents/communities of Baru Semerah Village, with a population of 500 inhabitants.The number and characteristics of the population, including the sample, of course, could not be studied as a whole (large population) due to constraints of time, workforce, resources, and limited funds.Therefore, the sample used in this research was limited to respondents aged over 20.The Slovin formula was chosen to determine the sample because of its accuracy and practicality.The Slovin formula used is as follows.
Table 2.The Slovin formula Table 2 shows the formula for determining research samples since the population was large.Using the 5% wrong sampling tolerance limit to take samples, the number of samples and populations taken based on this formula is as follows.Management at Baru Semerah Village n = 223 Based on the calculation of the Slovin formula above, of a total population of 500 people, in determining the sample, there are 222.22 residents.Still, since the subject is not a fractional number, it is rounded to 223 residents/communities who will be referred to as respondents.

Research Variables and Indicators
This study applied the dependent variable (influenced), represented by the symbol (Y), the village economic potential variable, and the independent variable (influence), represented by the symbol (X), where there are two independent variables: variable (X1), or the efficiency of managing economic potential village and variable (X2), or transparency in the management of village economic potential.The indicators for each variable are explained in Table 3.

Data analysis technique
This study used PLS smart software, the Partial Least Square system, and Structural Equation Modeling (PLS/SEM) in data processing procedures.Besides explaining the relationship between variables, PLS can also analyze a single test.Ghozali and Latan (2015) confirmed that prediction orientation is the goal of PLS-SEM development or construction.PLS is used to explain whether latent (predictive) variables have a relationship with each other.PLS is an effective analytical method assuming current data with a certain measurement scale.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
This section will describe and explain the results of the data collected through distributing questionnaires.The authors analyzed the data collected according to the main issues described.As shown earlier, the data processing results showed whether the formulated hypothesis can be accepted or rejected.

Analysis of Respondent Characteristics Gender
The analysis of the characteristics of the respondents based on gender can be presented in Figure 1.

Picture 1. Respondent Data Based on Gender
Figure 1 shows that the respondents are divided into two genders: male and female.Based on data from 223 respondents, 122, or 54.9%, are male, and 101 are female, or 45.1%.

Age
The respondents' age criteria can be presented in Figure 2.

Occupation
Analysis based on job criteria can be seen in Figure 3.

Income
Analysis based on income criteria can be seen in Figure 4.

Education
Analysis based on income criteria can be seen in Figure 5.

Research Instrument Testing Analysis
The hypothesis testing implemented data processing software through SmartPLS Version 3.2.9,assisted by Excel 2010 software.

Convergent Validity test results (Convergent Validity)
According to Ghozali and Latan (2015), the convergent validity method evaluates each construct indicator.Individual indicators are considered reliable if they have a correlation value above 0.70.After processing the data, results from Outer Loading can be seen in Table 4. Based on data processing using SmartPLS presented in Table 4, most indicators in each variable already have an Outer Loading value that exceeds 0.70 and can be said to be valid.In addition to these valid indicators, four indicators have a value of less than 0.70.The efficiency variable has two indicators: EF1 with a score of 0.661 and EF5 with a score of 0.631.Second, there are two indicators for the Village Economic Potential variable, PED1 with a score of 0.667 and PED5 with a score of 0.664.The indicator for each variable with an Outer Loading value of more than 0.70 has a high level of validity, so it can be concluded that it can fulfill convergent validity.
Outer Loading values after eliminating EF1, EF5, PED1, and PED5 can be seen in Table 5.
Table 5 Based on the Loading Factor presented in Figure 5, the results meet convergent validity because the loading factor is above 0.70 or the indicator is valid.Loading Factor is a relationship or correlation between indicators and constructs.The higher the correlation value, the better the level of validity.

Discriminant Validity Test Results
According to Ghozali and Latan (2015), discriminant validity ensures that each concept from each latent model differs from other variables.Validity testing is conducted to determine how precisely a measuring instrument performs its measurement function.Based on the explanation from and Latan, discriminatory validity can be seen from the crossloading between the indicators of the construct.Table 6 shows that some of the loading factor values of each indicator based on each latent variable already have the largest values compared to the loading values when connected with other latent variables.Each latent variable has good discriminant validity, where a latent variable with a very high correlation with other constructs or discriminant validity at the indicator level has been fulfilled.
The following is the Outer Loading table resulting from the Bootstrapping calculation as seen from the P-Value so that later it can be seen whether the P-Value value of each indicator is significant or not significant.Based on the equation model in Figure 7, the Efficiency value is 0.792, the EF3 Indicator.The EF3 indicator has a strong influence over other Efficiency Indicators.The Transparency value has a value of 0.790, namely the TR1 indicator.The TR1 indicator has a strong influence over other Transparency Indicators.The Village Economic Potential value is 0.829, the PED3 indicator.Hence, the PED3 indicator strongly influences other village economic potential indicators.

Construct Reliability Test Results (Construct Reliability)
Putka, DJ, & Sackett, P. R (2010) defined construct validity as how far the test items can measure a specific concept or predefined conceptual definition.Testing the reliability of the research construct is needed to see whether the items of the research instrument will later be used for the second time as a measure of the same symptoms, which will give relatively consistent results.
Reliability tests in PLS can use two methods, namely Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability.Cronbach's alpha measures the lower limit of the reliability value of a construct, while composite reliability measures the actual value of the reliability of a construct.Composite reliability is considered better in estimating the internal consistency of a construct.In this study, the researchers used the two components of the test.The following is a measurement of construct reliability in this study:

Cronbach Alpha Reliability Test Results
According to Dahlan (2014), the Cronbach Alpha scale can be grouped into five criteria.These criteria can be seen in Table 9.Table 10 shows the Cronbach Alpha resulting from SmartPLS data processing.
Table 10.Cronbach Alpha reliability Based on Table 10, the construct value for the Efficiency variable is 0.656 or reliable.The construct value for the Transparency variable is 0.824, or very reliable, and for the Village Economic Potential variable, it is 0.678, or reliable.Overall, all construct values have met the requirements and are reliable for this study.

Composite Reliability Test Results
The composite reliability test is used to show the consistency of the indicators in a latent variable.Nunnally and Bernstein mentioned that composite reliability can be considered reliable if the reliability composite value is above 0.70.Meanwhile, Fornell and Lacker said that the reliability of the composite can be seen from the Cronbach Alpha because usually, the values generated from the Composite Reliability will tend to exceed the value of the Cronbach   11 shows that the value of Contract Reliability is more than 0.70 and is greater than Cronbach's alpha, so all constructs are reliable.

Hypothesis Testing Results (patch coefficient)
Hypothesis testing is a step in a statistical procedure that allows researchers to use sample data to conclude a population.This step determines whether the hypothesis can be accepted or rejected.In assessing the significant level of influence between variables, it is necessary to perform Bootstrapping procedures or actions.The Bootstrapping action uses the entire original sample for later resampling.Noor (2015) explained that hypothesis testing involves looking at the path coefficients and test scores.The construct is strong and significant if a P-value ≤ 0.05 is obtained later.The efficiency of using the Village Fund budget has a positive and significant effect on the Management of the Village's Economic Potential because the P-value is 0.000 or less than 0.05.The original value of the sample path coefficient of 0.276 indicates a direction of positive correlation or relationship.Thus, H0 can be accepted.H1 Transparency in using the Village Fund budget positively and significantly affects the Management of the Village's Economic Potential because the P-value is 0.000 or less than 0.05.The original value of the sample path coefficient of 0.455 indicates a direction of positive correlation or relationship.Thus, H1 can be accepted.

Structural Model Evaluation
Structural models are useful for ascertaining how well existing empirical data supports the theory or concept used.This evaluation aims to ensure that the measurement model is valid and reliable.

F-Square Test Results
The F-Square test is carried out to determine how much influence the relative independent The results found that the efficient use of the Village Fund Budget affects managing the village's economic potential.The efficient use of village funds strongly influenced the village's economic potential development.Ratna Purnamasari, Ivana Nina Esterlin Barus, and Umi Kulsum also concluded that village funds needed to be done efficiently and effectively.
Ratna Purnamasari and Ivana Nina (2020) mentioned that village funds obtained by the government must be efficient and used according to what is needed by the community.Village funds must also be clear and accountable to the community.Rahardjo Adisasmita (2010) revealed that efficiency is the input components used, such as time, effort, and costs, that can be calculated without impacting waste or insignificant expenses.Thus, efficiency can mean the absence of waste.

The Effect of Transparency on the Village Fund Budget on the Management of Village Economic Potential
The results discovered that transparency in the Village Fund Budget affected managing the village's economic potential.Transparency is critical in using village funds.Asep Kurniawan (2016) supported the literature review regarding Law Number 6 of 2014, stating that transparency is virtual for government functions in doing the people's mandate.

The Effect of Efficiency and Transparency in Village Fund Budget on the Management of Village Economic Potential
Based on Table 14, which contains the results of the Adjusted R-Square test, the Adjusted R-Square (EF) and (TR) values for the Village Economic Potential are 0.412 or 41.2%.(EF) and (TR) together positively influence.
The results showed that the Efficiency and Transparency of the Village Fund Budget affected the management of the village's economic potential, supported by good governance in managing village finances.According to Setiawan (2018), a large allocation of funds is a hope that can improve the villagers' welfare.Therefore, in its management, it is required to apply good management (Good Governance), which in the future can increase the prosperity and welfare of society by using three underlying principles: 1) Accountability, 2) Transparency, and 3) Community Participation.Providing a forum and facilitating residents regarding the implementation of village funds, development goals will be achieved as described by Laksana & Zakiyah (2018) that the level of community participation, especially in government programs, community participation in every government program will encourage the achievement of these goals national and regional development goals.

CONCLUSION
Based on the findings, using data analysis techniques with SmartPLS 3.2.9Software and Excel 2010 Software, the conclusions of the research results in this thesis are as follows: 1. Based on the respondents' gender, this study was dominated by males of 54.9%, with a vulnerable age of 21-45, or 64.6%.Respondents based on occupation were dominated by farmers with a percentage of 44.5%, with the highest percentage of income at 76.2%, and the average resident earning IDR 1,000,000 to IDR 3,000,000.2. The Efficiency of Using the Village Fund Budget on Village Economic Potential had a positive and significant effect, with a 0.000 or less than 0.05 P-value.There was an influence and a positive relationship between the Efficiency variable and the Village's Economic Potential, so the hypothesis on H0 can be accepted.3. Transparency in the Use of Village Fund Budget on Village Economic Potential had a size N = population size e = estimation level error Thareq Kemal Satri 1) Nuriah Alfisyahri 2) -Efficiency and Transparency in Village Fund Budget for Buluh Perindu BUMDes

Picture 2 .
Figure 2 illustrates that respondents are divided into ages 15 to 20, 21 to 45, and over 45.Based on the data from 223 respondents, respondents aged 15-20 were 25 people or 11.2%, ages 21-45 were 144 people or 64.6%, and ages over 45 were 54 people or 24.2%.Hence, the ages are 21 to 45.
Thareq Kemal Satri 1) Nuriah Alfisyahri 2) -Efficiency and Transparency in Village Fund Budget for Buluh Perindu BUMDes Management at Baru Semerah Village communicate with individuals, while the observation technique has no limits on individuals but also other natural objects.

Table 4 .
First Loading Factor

Picture 6. Loading Factor Path Diagram
. Second Loading Factor

Table 9 .
Cronbach Alpha Scale Criteria

Table 11 .
Thareq Kemal Satri 1) Nuriah Alfisyahri 2) -Efficiency and Transparency in Village Fund Budget for Buluh Perindu BUMDes Management at Baru Semerah Village Alpha.Table 11 illustrates a Composite Reliability test table resulting from SmartPLS data processing.Composite Reliability Table

Table 12 .
Path Coefficient Test Results Table 12 illustrates the patch coefficient test results, which are as follows.H0