Dinamika Gerakan Perlawanan dan Populisme Politik: Analisis Kasus Amien Rais dalam Mendirikan Partai Ummat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18196/jpk.v5i2.20298Keywords:
Populisme, Anti-kemapanan, Wacana, Amien Rais, Partai UmmatAbstract
Penelitian ini berfokus pada karakteristik kontekstual dalam menganalisis keberadaan Amien Rais sebagai figur politik yang menciptakan sebuah peluang dari sebuah gerakan populisme anti kemapanan. Metode kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk memahami gerakan populisme anti kemapanan yang dilakukan oleh Amien Rais. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Amien Rais melalui gerakan perlawanannya mengevaluasi kondisi sosial tertentu dalam konteks kebijakan politik, menciptakan fenomena terkait praktik demokrasi. Sikap populis Amien Rais, termanifestasi dalam narasi-narasi kerakyatan, membentuk posisi politik yang diharapkan lebih baik. Sebagai figur politik, Amien Rais mewakili gerakan politik dengan menggunakan narasi kerakyatan sebagai alat kritik terhadap pemerintahan Joko Widodo, yang dianggap mencerminkan kehendak rakyat dalam menghadapi kesenjangan status quo. Dengan landasan ideologi Islam, Partai Ummat menjadi partai pemurni (purifier) sesuai kerangka Lucardie, membedakan diri dari partai sebelumnya. Penelitian ini juga mendalami pengaruh wacana pengetahuan Islam pada perilaku Amien Rais tampak dari pendidikan dan latar belakang keluarganya di Muhammadiyah. Pendirian Partai Ummat menjadi hasil dari tindakannya yang tercermin dalam wacana pengetahuan Islam.
References
Aditya, NR. (2021). Kehadiran Partai Ummat, Didirikan Amien Rais dan Dipimpin Ketum Termuda. Kompas.com.
Alfirdaus, L. K. (2019). Dari identitas ke ideologi: Penguatan arah kebijakan programatik partai politik. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pemerintahan, 3(2), 99. https://doi.org/10.14710/jiip.v3i2.3886
Andersen, N. A. (2003). Discursive Analytical Strategies. The Policy Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1t898nd
Argenti, G. (2021, September). Partai Baru Antara Partai Gelora, Partai Ummat, dan Partai Masyumi (Reborn). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354378755_Partai_Baru_Antara_Partai_Gelora_Partai_Ummat_dan_Partai_Masyumi_Reborn
Bahar, A. (1998). Biografi cendekiawan politik Amien Rais : gagasan dan pemikiran menggapai masa depan Indonesia baru. Pena Cendekia.
Bakker, R., Jolly, S., & Polk, J. (2020). Multidimensional incongruence, political disaffection, and support for anti-establishment parties. Journal of European Public Policy, 27(2), 292–309. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2019.1701534
Choirul, D. (2021, August 26). Masuk Koalisi Pemerintah, Waketum PAN: Bukan untuk Masuk Kabinet Jokowi. Retrieved from https://nasional.sindonews.com/read/522064/12/masuk-koalisi-pemerintah-waketum-pan-bukan-untuk-masuk-kabinet-jokowi-1629907707
Daelpos. (2021, May 3). Tokoh dan Kader PAN Mulai Loncat ke Partai Ummat. Retrieved from https://daelpos.com/2021/05/03/tokoh-dan-kader-pan-mulai-loncat-ke-partai-ummat/
Danaher, G., Schirato, T., & Webb, J. (2000). Understanding Foucault.
Embu, W. S. (2020, February 11). Kongres PAN 2020, Petahana Versus Restu Amien Rais. Retrieved from https://www.merdeka.com/khas/kongres-pan-2020-petahana-versus-restu-amien-rais.html
Engler, S. (2020). Centrist anti-establishment parties and their protest voters: More than a superficial romance? European Political Science Review, 12(3), 307–325. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755773920000132
Edwards, B., & Kane, M. (2014). Resource mobilization and social and political movements. In Handbook of political citizenship and social movements (pp. 205-232). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781781954706.00018
Farhan, M. (2023, February 15). Ridho Rahmadi Ungkap Keterlibatan Kader Muhammadiyah Sejak Pendirian Partai Ummat. Retrieved from https://nasional.sindonews.com/read/1023663/12/ridho-rahmadi-ungkap-keterlibatan-kader-muhammadiyah-sejak-pendirian-partai-ummat-1676458937
Febryan, A. (2023). Partai Ummat: Kami Adalah Politik Identitas. republika.co.id
Groshek, J., & Engelbert, J. (2013). Double differentiation in a cross-national comparison of populist political movements and online media uses in the United States and the Netherlands. New Media & Society, 15(2), 183–202. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444812450685
Gyárfášová, O. (2018). The fourth Generation: From anti-establishment to anti-system parties in Slovakia. New Perspectives, 26(1), 109–133. https://doi.org/10.1177/2336825X1802600111
Hadiz, V. R. (2018). Imagine All the People? Mobilising Islamic Populism for Right-Wing Politics in Indonesia. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 48(4), 566–583. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472336.2018.1433225
Hadiz, V. R., & Robison, R. (2017). Competing populisms in post authoritarian Indonesia. International Political Science Review, 38(4), 488–502. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512117697475
Hakim, B., & Kurniawan, N. (2010). Amien Rais, Inilah jalan Hidup Saya. Pt. Bintang Pustaka Abadi.
Herdiansah, A. G. (2021). Intra-party Conflict and the Emergence of Islamic-Based Parties in the post-2019 Election in Indonesia. Journal of Governance, 6(2), 301–318. https://doi.org/10.31506/jog.v6i2.12700
Kholid, I. (2018). Amien Rais: Orang Anti-Tuhan Bergabung ke Partai Besar, Partai Setan. news. detik.com
Kompas. (2020, February 11). Zulkifli Hasan Terpilih Jadi Ketua Umum PAN. Retrieved from https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2020/02/11/18551891/zulkifli-hasan-terpilih-jadi-ketua-umum-pan-periode-2020-2025
Kumparan. (2017, June 3). Wajah Ideal Amien Rais sang Bapak Reformasi. Retrieved from https://kumparan.com/kumparannews/wajah-ideal-amien-rais-sang-bapak-reformasi-nasional/full
Lucardie, P. (2000). Prophets, purifiers and prolocutors: Towards a theory on the emergence of new parties. Party Politics, 6(2), 175–185. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068800006002003
Merdeka. (2023). Muhammad Amien Rais. Retrieved from https://www.merdeka.com/muhammad-amien-rais/profil
Meyer, D. S. (1997). Coalitions & Political Movements: The Lessons of the Nuclear Freeze. Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Nugraha, T. A., & Mukti, H. G. (2023). Strategi Partai Baru: Partai Gelombang Rakyat Indonesia Menuju Elektoral 2024. JIIP: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pemerintahan, 8(2), 99–115. https://doi.org/10.14710/jiip.v8i2.19135
Putra, E. P. (2023, April 19). Partai Ummat Semprot Balik PAN Terkait Perkara Politik Identitas. Retrieved from https://news.republika.co.id/berita/rtcw1i484/partai-ummat-semprot-balik-pan-terkait-perkara-politik-identitas
Sahab, A. (2017). Realitas Citra Politik Tri Rismaharini. Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik, 30(1), 20–33. https://doi.org/10.20473/mkp.V30I12017.20-33
Suryani, B. (2020). Setelah Hanafi Rais Mundur, Kini Ketua DPW PAN DIY Nazaruddin Siap Lepas Jabatan.
Tarditi, V., & Vittori, D. (2020). ‘We are Different’’: do Anti-establishment Parties Promote Distinctive Elites? An Analysis of the Spanish Case.’ Representation, 0(0), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/00344893.2020.1785535
Tempo. (2023, March 5). Kadernya Pindah ke Partai Ummat, Waketum PAN: Hanya Hitungan Jari. Retrieved from https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1698908/kadernya-pindah-ke-partai-ummat-waketum-pan-hanya-hitungan-jari
Viva. (2023). Amien Rais. Retrieved from https://www.viva.co.id/siapa/read/382-amien-rais
Walder, A. G. (2009). Political sociology and social movements. Annual Review of Sociology, 35, 393–412. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-070308-120035
Wildansyah, S. (2019). Amien Rais: Ini People Power Enteng-entengan, Bukan Mau Jatuhkan Presiden. detikNews.com.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
License
Jurnal Pemerintahan dan Kebijakan (JPK) is licensed under an Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) license. You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. This license is acceptable for Free Cultural Works.
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Copyright
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under an Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.