Temperature Monitoring System for Egg Incubators Using Raspberry Pi3 Based on Internet of Things (IoT)

— The incubator is made as a substitute for hatching naturally at the same time. The success of the hatch machine is largely determined by the temperature stability in the incubator. In the use of small-scale hatcheries for native chicken hatching, they are still faced with the problem of low hatchability due to one of the obstacles, namely the power outage during the hatching process. To improve the monitoring performance of egg incubators, the writer wishes to conduct research "Monitoring to Control and Monitor Temperature in Egg Incubators" using a webcam camera to monitor temperature conditions and hatch eggs. The working system is the DHT11 sensor will detect the temperature, the webcam camera in real time will monitor the state of the eggs then the raspberry pi3 will automatically control the temperature and electrical energy on the incubator, the smartphone monitors and can also control the temperature with the state of the eggs in realtime, 12V battery as a replacement energy when the PLN goes out. From the results of the tests carried out, the authors can draw conclusions, namely: The webcam camera can display the condition of the eggs in the incubator room. Android smartphones can receive information with a webcam camera during the hatching process. The data logger can display recapitulated temperature and humidity data.


INTRODUCTION
In the development of technology has developed rapidly as well as hatchery technology which has been able to create an artificial incubator known as the egg incubator (incubator), which can completely imitate the behavior of the hen during the incubation period [1]. The incubator is made as a substitute for hatching naturally at the same time [2]. The success of the hatch machine is largely determined by the temperature stability in the incubator [3]. In the use of smallscale hatcheries for native chicken hatching, they are still faced with the problem of low hatchability due to one of the obstacles, namely the power outage during the hatching process [4].
Automatic egg incubators that are widely used are better than incubating eggs with a stable temperature of ± 39ºC [5]. However, there are also weaknesses in the egg incubator because the temperature in the egg incubator can result in chicks that have hatched to die if they are too long in the machine [6]. For this reason, it is necessary to innovate an egg incubator that is more effective and efficient in monitoring the development conditions of the egg being incubated [7]. So that chicken farmers can monitor the condition of the eggs that have hatched in real time so that the chicks do not experience death. In previous research [8] designed an arduino-based automatic egg incubator using a DHT11 sensor as a sensor that can measure two environmental parameters at once, namely temperature and humidity sensors that can detect the temperature that enters the temperature well [9]. incubator room as desired, namely 39ºC [10]. To improve the monitoring performance of egg incubators, the writer wishes to conduct research "Monitoring to Control and Monitor Temperature in Egg Incubators" using a webcame camera to monitor temperature conditions and hatch eggs [11]. The working system is the DHT11 sensor will detect the temperature, the webcam camera in real time will monitor the state of the eggs then the raspberry pi3 will automatically control the temperature and electrical energy on the incubator [12], the smartphone monitors and can also control the temperature with the state of the eggs in realtime, 12V battery as a replacement energy when the PLN goes out [13]. With this tool it can help and make it easier to check the temperature on the egg incubator and can control the temperature on the egg incubator so that the temperature on the egg incubator can be maintained properly and produce normal and quality egg hatching [14].

II. METHODS
The method that researchers use is the prototype method in order to be closer to the customer [15].

Collection of Needs
The client and the developer jointly define the software format, identify requirements and the system created [16].

Build a prototype
Building prototypes by making temporary designs that focus on serving customers, for example, such as making input and output formats.

Evaluation of the prototype
This stage is carried out by the client, whether the prototype is built, according to customer wants and needs. If it is not suitable, the prototype will be revised by repeating the previous steps, but if it is suitable, the next steps will be carried out [17].
4. Encoding the system At this stage the prototype that has been agreed upon is translated into the appropriate programming language.

Test the system
After coding, of course, testing will be carried out. There are many ways to perform testing, for example using a white box or black box. Using a white box means coding testing is carried out while using a black box means testing display functions.

System evaluation
Evaluating all the steps taken. Is it in accordance with the needs or not. If it is not suitable, then it can be repeated in steps 1 and 2.

Use of the system
The system that has been tested and accepted by the client is ready for use and don't forget to do maintenance so that the system is maintained and functions as it should.
The creation of a prototype for system developers aims to collect information from users so that users can interact with the prototype model being developed, because the prototype describes the initial version of the system with the aim of continuing to a larger real system [18].

III. IMPLEMENTATION
Implementation is one of the stages in system development, where this stage is the stage of the temperature monitoring system on the egg incubator is ready to operate and can be seen as an effort to realize the system that has been designed.
After all the tools and materials are available, you can assemble each component according to the design that has been made. The following is a picture of the assembled prototype: Figure 1 Prototype results of the egg incubator seen from the front In the display above is the prototype that looks from the front, it has one door and 2 monitoring mirrors to see the condition of the eggs from the outside. As well as an indicator light that lights up indicating that the egg incubator is on. For the inner series can be seen in Figure 2.
On the inside of the egg incubator, there is a place for laying eggs that has been given a temperature sensor and a heating element. Below the egg laying area is a heating element. The roof of the machine has lights to illuminate from inside the machine. For the top series can be seen in Figure 3 below. At the top of the egg incubator there are several components including a battery charger circuit, a 12V battery, an inverter, a raspberry pi circuit and a webcam camera.

A. Egg Incubator Monitoring Testing
In testing this tool, the testing technique is done by testing each block of the series and then documented in the form of a picture. The test table, after each series is tested and then the test is carried out as a whole, so that the end of the test is made in the form of a Test Result Evaluation Table and Conclusions from the tests that have been carried out. In the table above, the tool works in accordance with the system built, which is successfully displaying the condition of the eggs in the egg incubator and monitoring temperature data.

B. System Testing with the Black-Box Method
To test the system, the author uses the black-box testing method. This test is carried out to determine whether the program is feasible or not yet to be used and has met the expected needs or not. Black-box testing is a stage that focuses on the functional statement of the software. This test case aims to demonstrate the functionality of the software on how to operate. Whether the temperature data entry, camera and loger data have been running properly. Thus, black-box testing allows software developers to obtain a set of input conditions that fully utilize all functional requirements for a program. Black-box testing tries to find errors in several ways, namely: a. Improper or incorrect functions. b. Interface error. c. Performance error.
The following table describes the black-box testing method in the application. Tests are carried out on the entire system with certain inputs or conditions. From the results of tests carried out, the authors can draw conclusions, namely: The webcam camera can display the condition of the eggs in the incubator room. Android smartphones can receive information with a webcam camera during the hatching process. Battery 12V can work automatically when the power goes out and when the electricity is live the battery will charge. The data logger can display recapitulated temperature and humidity data.