Light Control Using Human Body Temperature Based on Arduino Uno and PIR (Passive Infrared Receiver) Sensor

This study aims to implement the PIR sensor, Arduino UNO and 2 channel relay Module to automatically turn on the lights in the classroom at the STMIK Hang Tuah Pekanbaru campus, where the classes at the Hang Tuah Pekanbaru STMIK campus still use manual switches as controller’s lights on. Therefore, a device is designed that can control the lights by using movements detected by the PIR sensor and processed using a computer. This system functions to turn on the lights automatically when someone enters the classroom and turn off the lights automatically when no one is in the class. The hardware used is Arduino Uno microcontroller, PIR motion sensor, 2 channel relay module, and 1.5-volt flashlight. The software for making programs is Arduino IDE where the programming language used is the C programming language. The test results show that the PIR sensor can detect the movement of people entering or leaving a room.


INTRODUCTION
In life we need a light source in our daily activities. If during the day we get the light source from the sun, then at night we get it from the lights was studied by zanchi [1]. A lamp is an electronic device that converts electrical energy into light was studied by bandopadhyay [2]. This electronic device is needed by many people, especially at night. To turn on the light, we have to turn it on and off manually was studied by zhang [3].
The rapid development of the times at this time, especially in the field of hardware (Hardware) makes it easier for humans to complete their daily activities was studied by irawan [4]. Various electronic devices can be connected and controlled using a computer with the help of a driver that connects the electronic device to the computer, for example: Controlling automatic lights using Arduino Uno and motion sensors was studied by you [5]. This electronic device works by using a switch to activate or deactivate it was studied by fatmawati [6]. The problem that often occurs at STMIK Hang Tuah Pekanbaru is that the light control system at STMIK Hang Tuah Pekanbaru still uses a switch was studied by muhardi [7].
Turning the lights on and off is done manually, so it is less effective in controlling the lights, because at STMIK Hang Tuah Pekanbaru, after night lectures was studied by power [8], they often don't turn off the lights before leaving the room, at STMIK Hangtuah Pekanbaru to control and turn off the class lights is the responsibility of cleaning service for class implementation morning was studied by chen [9]. While controlling the lights for the night class is the responsibility of the night guard was studied by irawan [10], but the security guard at night is only one person, and in turning off the lights in the room the security guard has to leave the security post, and that too makes the security post not guarded was studied by ahmed [11], so from it is often the lights that are left on until daylight was studied by saad [12]. So that there was an increase in payments on electricity bills was studied by kobra [13]. To overcome this, it is necessary to develop an intelligent system that can control lights without having to use a switch was studied by irawan [14].
An intelligent system is a system that can adopt a small part of the level of human intelligence to interact with the external state of a system was studied by kobra [13]. A small part of the level of intelligence includes: the ability to be trained, recall conditions that have been experienced, process data to provide the right action according to what has been taught, and the ability to absorb the expertise of an expert through commands written in a particular programming language was studied by lenardo [15].
By combining lights and computers, we can produce an intelligent light control system that is controlled using human body temperature was studied by Umemura [16]. Passive Infrared Receiver sensor (PIR) is an electronic sensor that measures infrared light emitting from objects around it was studied by tang [17]. The working principle of this smart system is that the PIR sensor will detect the presence of people through body temperature and human movement in one room was studied by wahyuni [18]. And the computer will respond to the presence of people to turn on and turn off the lights like a switch was studied by Thomas [19]. Therefore, a device is designed that can control the lights by using movements detected by the PIR sensor and processed using a computer was studied by lestari [20].

II. METHODS
In this stage the researcher uses the prototype method, because this method is a method that is widely used by software developers was studied by wahyuni [21]. The essence of this method is the work of a model development into a final system. Following are the Stages of Prototype Model Development:

A. Collection of Needs
Collection of Requirements is the stage where the client and developer jointly define the software and identify needs and systems that are created in consultation with the Pekanbaru City Environmental and Sanitation Office was studied by Irawan [22].

B. Prototype Design Process
At this stage of the design process the authors plan and design the design before carrying out the tool-making process was studied by chang [23].

C. Building Prototype
In this stage the writer builds a prototype while designing a temporary design that focuses on making tools was studied by kun [24].

D. Prototype Evaluation
In the Prototyping Evaluation Phase, the results of the software design will be realized to the cleaning officers of the Pekanbaru City Environment and Sanitation Service, whether the prototyping that is built is in accordance with the wishes and needs of the janitor or not. If it does not match, the prototyping will be revised by repeating the previous steps. But if it is appropriate, then the next step will be carried out.

III. IMPLEMENTATION
A. Design hardware (hardware It is a design or series of tools used to build light control using human body temperature based on Arduino uno and PIR (Passive Infrared Receiver) sensors.

1) Arduino Uno Microcontroller Series with 2 Channel Relay Module 2 Channel Relay Module with Arduino
Uno Microcontroller serves as a connecting medium for Arduino Uno Lights and Microcontroller so that the electric current to the lights can be controlled (Figure 1).

2) Arduino Uno Microcontroller Circuit with PIR (Passive Infrared Receiver) Sensor
The series of PIR (Passive Infrared Receiver) sensors with an Arduino Uno microcontroller is used to adjust the electric current to the PIR (Passive Infrared Receiver) sensor. This circuit is designed according to the Arduino microcontroller program, where there is a control signal from the Arduino microcontroller. Implementation is one of the stages in system development, where this stage is the stage of putting the light control system on the STMIK Hang Tuah Pekanbaru campus so that it is ready to operate and can be seen as an effort to realize the system that has been designed. Simulation of lighting control at the STMIK Hang Tuah Pekanbaru is shown in Figure 3.

B. System Testing
Testing the system of light control using human body temperature based on Arduino UNO and PIR (Passive Infrared Receiver) sensors can be done with the following steps: 1. Turn on the lamp control simulation first using Powerbank. 2. After that the light control system uses human body temperature based on Arduino UNO and the PIR (Passive Infrared Receiver) sensor will turn on like the supporting devices, namely the Arduino uno, 2 channel Relay Module, and Lights ( Figure 4).