Car Parking Distance Controller Using Ultrasonic Sensors Based On Arduino Uno

The design of a car parking sensor is done because there are some problems such as the absence of parking attendants from 18:00 to 06:00 and the lack of parking attendants so the researchers took the title of arduino uno-based car parking distance controller by using ultrasonic sensors in this study using 3 main components, namely Arduino UNO, Arduino MP3 Shield and Ultrasonic HC-SR04. Arduino Shield MP3 is a module that is used to play sound. MP3 which can give voice commands that have been programmed before using Arduino IDE and combined with Ultrasonic HC-SR04 components in the calculation of the distance to the object. The distance (cm) obtained as input is then processed and then combined with the Arduino Shield MP3, then at a predetermined distance will output a predetermined voice command. Then the method used is the prototype method which starts from designing, writing the system, implementing it with the aim of making a prototype of a car parking sensor and testing it with a prototype. Conclusion testing the car sensor sensor car makes it easy for car drivers to park the car. KeywordsArduino Uno, Sensor Ultrasonic HCSR04, Parking, Car, MP3 Shield Arduino


INTRODUCTION
The current technological developments provide facilities for human life, one of which is in the field of transportation. We can find technological developments in the field of transportation, including parking security systems for car was studied by nasution [1]. Previously, parking in a place, be it a building, parking lot for supermarkets, malls, at home and others, required a lot of time and energy was studied by sahfutri [2]. Parking users have difficulty adjusting the position of the vehicle so that the car can be parked properly was studied by wu [3]. In fact, if the parking process can be assisted by a more modern system (system automation), it will be very profitable, both for the industry (automotive industry), parking management companies, parking users and for vehicle owners who have private parking at their homes was studied by irawan [4]. Therefore, a parking system is needed that can make it easier for car drivers to park their car with the Arduino Uno device using an ultrasonic sensor was studied by paidi [5].
Arduino Uno is an open-source single-board micro controller, derived from the Wiring platform, designed to facilitate electronic use in various fields was studied by tian [6]. Its hardware has an Amel Avr processor and the language used is C ++ was studied by tromg [7].
An ultrasonic sensor is a sensor that functions to convert physical quantities or sound into electrical quantities and vice versa was studied by jindaprakai [8]. The way this sensor works is based on the principle of the reflection of a sound wave so that it can be used to interpret the existence of an object's distance with a certain frequency was studied by chih [9].
Hotels are companies or business entities that provide lodging services in the form of rooms which are usually complete with eating and drinking facilities and complete facilities and the hotel also has other facilities, namely a parking IoT was studied by muhardi [10]. The car park area at the Citi hotel can accommodate 15 cars in the parking lot was studied by vishnubhotla [11]. Parking is a place where vehicles stop for short or long periods of time. Therefore, researchers took research at the Citi Smart Hotel Pekanbaru in order to provide solutions to parking problems was studied by shao [12].

A. Arduino Uno ATMega 328P
Arduino UNO Atmega 328 is an 8-bit microcontroller chip based on AVR-RISC made by Atmel which has 32 KB of ISP flash memory with read / write capabilities, 1 KB EEPROM, 2 KB SRAM was studied by Irawan [13] and because of this 32 KB Flash memory capacity then this chip is named ATmega328 and the complete features contained in the Arduino UNO module make this module easy to use was studied by atmadja [14], just by connecting the Arduino UNO module with a PC using a USB cable or using a DC-DC adapter was studied by wahyuni [15]. Arduino UNO has 14 input / output pins of which 6 pins can be used as PWM outputs, 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, USB connection, power jack, ICSP head, and reset button was studied by abdel [16].
Arduino UNO has its own advantages compared to other microcontroller boards besides being open source, Arduino also has its own programming language in the form of C language was studied by fatmawati [17]. In addition, on the Arduino board itself there is a loader in the form of a USB making it easier for us when we program the microcontroller inside the Arduino was studied by park [18]. Whereas on most other Microcontroller boards that still require a separate loader circuit to enter the program when we program the Microcontroller was studied by wahyuni [19]. In addition to the loader when programming, the USB port can also be used as a serial communication port was studied by fonda [20]. Arduino programming language is a C language that has Journal of Robotics and Control (JRC) ISSN: 2715-5072 354 Jenli Susilo, Car Parking Distance Controller Using Ultrasonic Sensors Based On Arduino Uno simplified the programming language syntax so that it makes it easier for us to learn and explore Microcontrollers was studied by mendiratta [21].

B. Mp3 Shield
MP3 Player Shield is an Arduino compatible module that can be used to save audio files to micro SD in a run-of-themill manner was studied by ordila [22]. This shield allows you to play music from micro SD instantly, so you can turn your Arduino into a portable music player or you can add unique tones to your project using this module was studied by Irawan [23]. This module uses VS1053B as an audio decoder chip, which is capable of decoding audio files with Ogg vorbis extensions, MP3, AAC, FLAC, WMA, MIDI, IMA ADPCM, and several other audio formats was studied by wahyuni [24]. This module receives an audio signal input (bitstream) through the SPI interface, then the signal will be decoded by the VS1053B IC and the audio output will be forwarded to the 3.5mm audio jack was studied by kanteti [25].

C. Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04
An ultrasonic sensor is a sensor that functions to convert physical quantities (sound) into electrical quantities and vice versa. The way this sensor works is based on the principle of the reflection of a sound wave so that it can be used to interpret the existence (distance) of an object with a certain frequency was studied by lee [26]. It is called an ultrasonic sensor because this sensor uses ultrasonic waves (ultrasonic sound). Ultrasonic waves are sound waves that have a very high frequency of 20,000 Hz. Ultrasonic sound cannot be heard by human ears. Ultrasonic sound can propagate through solids, liquids and gases. The reflectivity of ultrasonic sound on the surface of a solid is almost the same as the reflectivity of ultrasonic sound on the surface of a liquid. However, the ultrasonic sound waves will be absorbed by textiles and foam.

II. METHODS
The control system development method is a method used to design and evaluate the system that has been designed. The development method used is the prototype method. This method begins with designing a system based on user needs, after which the process of writing and planting the system is carried out on the microcontroller. The implementation stage is combined with the evaluation stage, because when there is an error in the system, repairs are made immediately.

A. System Design
This stage produces the hardware design that will be used. Development, which initially stood alone, began to be combined with other electronic materials to form an electronic circuit or hardware that could be used in research.

B. 2. Writing and Embed Systems
After the design of the tool has been completed, a program or source code for the microcontroller is created as a controller for other electronic devices. At this stage the program is written on the Arduino IDE for the designed parking distance control microcontroller.

C. Implementation
At this stage, the prototype of the system is tested with a prototype using a simulation of a parking lot and a toy car. And ultrasonic sensor testing is carried out using the black box method to find incorrect or missing function errors.

A. Hardware Design (Hardware)
Arduino Microcontroller Circuit with Ultrasonic Sensor is shown in Figure 1. Arduino Microcontroller with Speaker is shown in Figure 2. The entire range of hardware configurations is shown in Figure 3.

B. Implementation of a Car Parking Distance Controller
The car parking implementation is shown in Figure 4.

D. Ultrasonic Sensor Testing at a Distance of 15 cm
Testing using a toy car on the prototype. So when the ultrasonic sensor detects the car in front of it with a distance of 15 cm, the ultrasonic sensor will output a reverse sound. The result is shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6.

E. Ultrasonic Sensor Testing at a Distance of 2 cm
Testing using a toy car on the prototype. So when the ultrasonic sensor detects the car in front of it with a distance of 2 cm, the Ultrasonic Sensor will issue sound output in the future. The result is shown in Figure 7. Based on the results of the analysis, design and implementation that has been done. So some conclusions can be drawn including the following: The design of this parking distance control system can carry out commands via the voice issued by the speaker so that it is easier to park the car. With the construction of this parking distance control system, it can make it easier for visitors to the Citi Smart Pekanbaru hotel to park their cars. Based on the results of testing the parking sensor, there is a difference in sensor distance in prototype testing with real testing.