The Analysis of Comparison Electrical Power Measurement on LED Lamps

This study uses 2 variations of the value of the DC 12V LED lamp power that is 12W and 15W with 3 different brands of lamp variations. Measurement of input voltage and current is carried out using a Krisbow KW06-490 DC clampmeter that has been calibrated as a standard measuring instrument and a Krisbow KW06-491 DC clampmeter that has not been calibrated as a test gauge 1 and a Multimeter Viper DT830B that has not been calibrated as a test gauge 2. Data the current and input voltage between each lamp and different lamp brands are used to calculate the value of the test lamp power and then compare it. The big conclusion from this study was found that the error value between the value of the test power or the use of DC 12V LED lamps with 12W written power on R, S, and T brand lamps was ± 51.67%, ± 70.75%, ± 61.33 %. In 15W lamps the brands R, S, and T were ± 7.20%, ± 0.53%, ± 8.27%. Keywords— voltage, current, power measurement, error


INTRODUCTION
Electrical energy is one form of energy that is needed by humans [1] - [4]. Electrical energy is used by humans as an energy source for equipment to help with any work [5] - [7]. One form of utilization of electrical energy is for lighting equipment sources such as lights as lighting sources at night. Devices that require electrical energy sources also have a certain electrical energy consumption in accordance with the power needed for these devices to operate [8] - [11]. These parameters need an audit so that the correctness of the device's power is in accordance with the specifications so that users can adjust electrical energy consumption. This can be done with the measurement process. Metrology is a science related to measurement. Everyday life of every human being is never separated from the wholeness and knowledge of metrology in the field of measurement, evaluation, and weighing [12] - [17]. Similarly, the industrial sector requires tools that can measure accurately to determine the quality standards of a product through a calibration process [18] - [25]. This also occurs in one form or type of industrial products in the electric magnitude sector, namely LED lights (Light Emitting Diode) [24] - [28] DC 12V, where the power specifications written on the product must be in accordance with the actual value so that there is no loss to consumers who use the product as a device in a home lighting system.
The selection of this type of lamp because this type of lamp is one of the emergency lights used as lighting when the AC source from PLN does not exist with a substitute source that is easy to find or commonly used by the public that is the type of accumulator or 12V DC battery whose use is often found as a source of electricity on the bicycle motorcycle that is easy to find.
Based on these problems, the authors do this research, which can later find out the truth of the power value of a DC 12V LED lighting product in a variety of different lamp brands with the same power specifications.

II. METHOD
This chapter discusses the components needed for testing, the measurement tools used, and the data collection methods and methods for testing them.
The time and place of research will be conducted in the second week of February 2018 at the designated place, namely the Metrology Instrumentation Laboratory, Vocational School, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta.
Multimeter [29] - [31] or multitester (analog) is a device that is generally used to measure the quantities of voltage (AC, DC), strong currents [32] - [36] (usually DC only), and resistance. In accordance with its function the multimeter is also called the AVO-meter, which is an Ammeter, Voltmeter and Ohmmeter. Basically, a multimeter uses a D'Arsonval type current meter. The basic specification in choosing a multimeter is its sensitivity or sensitivity [37] - [40]. Sensitivity is related to the loading effect on the measured circuit. A1 is a calibrated standard measurement device, A2 and A3 are tested measurement device. In Figure 1 and Figure 2 is an illustration of a voltage and current testing scheme with a voltage source originating from a DC Power Supply which is regulated at an output voltage of 12V. Standard measuring devices as well as test 1 and measuring instrument test 2 are arranged to measure the output voltage from DC Power Supply with a parallel connection, while the connection in series is used to measure electric current. DC Clampmeter measuring tool with the function of voltage and current measurement namely Krisbow KW06-490 which has been calibrated is used as a standard measuring instrument, while the DC Clampmeter Krisbow KW06-491 measuring tool that has not been calibrated with the voltage and current measuring function as a test measure 1 and multimeter Viper DT 830B which has not been calibrated with the function of measuring voltage and current as a test gauge 2.

Data processing
The data processing technique in this research is that the research only focuses on comparing the value of the input voltage reading and the current readings of each lamp and different lamp brands with the same specifications, namely DC 12V 12W and 15W. The test will be carried out using a repetition method which is carried out 20 times on each lamp and a different lamp brand.

Data analysis
Data analysis techniques from this research are using Analysis of the calculation of the error between the digital multimeter designation and the test clampmeter with a standardized calibrated measuring instrument. The percentage of error in a measurement of a quantity can be calculated using equation 1. (1) Analysis of the calculation of the error between the test power with the written power on the packaging or lamp specifications. Graph analysis of test results. Comparative analysis of current value and direct test power. Comparative analysis of current and power values in direct testing between lamp brands.

III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Research on measuring the value of power on DC 12V LED lights, using lamps with the same specifications with different brands. Variations are also made not only on the brand but also on the value of the lamp power that is equal to 15 Watt and 12 Watt on each brand of lights. The voltage reading results on the multimeter voltmeter and current on the ammeter and clampmeter are used to calculate the power value.
The study uses variations of R, S, and T lamp brands, each with a power value of 15 and 12 Watt.
Voltage and current measurement on LEDs 12 VDC Voltage measurement using 3 measuring devices with different voltage measurement functions, namely Krisbow KW06-490 which has been calibrated as a standard measuring instrument and as a comparison of the results of voltage measurements on other measuring devices used, Krisbow KW06-491, and Viper DT830B which is installed or used to measure at the same time as a comparison test measuring instrument standard measurement results by pairing it in parallel at the lamp input voltage. Current measurement using 3 measuring devices with different DC current measurement functions, namely Krisbow KW06-490 which has been calibrated as a standard measurement tool and as a comparison of the results of measuring the current in other measuring devices used by means of pinning positive or red wire on the lamp to measure the value currents, Krisbow KW06-491 installed or used to measure at the same time as a measuring instrument comparative test standard measurement results are also the same, namely by clamping or clamping the positive cable or red color on the lamp to measure the current value, and Viper DT830B installed or used to measure at once as a comparison test measuring instrument standard measurement results with a current measuring function but installed or measured using the multimeter probe whose configuration is in series on the positive wire or red color on the lamp to measure the current value. From the data obtained, the value of the input voltage read on each lamp sample has a value of around ± 11.6 V from the voltage setting on the DC power supply of 12 V.
The difference in input voltage readings are caused by one of them being the type of DC power supply that is used to have an output voltage regulation manually by turning the output voltage knob until the output reading value on the indicator display on the LCD is valued at 12 V, so the DC power supply output voltage value is not necessarily right at 12 V. On the average input voltage reading of DC 12V brand LED lights with 12 Watt power on 3 different multimeters namely (11.60 ± 1.04) Volts, (11.61 ± 1.24) Volts, (11, 61 ± 1.32) Volt, the average input voltage reading of LED brand 12V DC lights with 12 Watt power on 3 different multimeters is equal to (11.70 ± 1.05) Volts, (11.71 ± 1.55) Volt, (11.69 ± 1.64) Volt, the average input voltage reading of a 12V DC LED T brand with 12 Watt power on 3 different multimeters is (11.60 ± 1.07) Volts, (11.69) ± 1.26) Volts, (11.66 ± 1.51) Volts. The average input voltage of a 12V DC R brand LED lamp with 15 Watt power on 3 different multimeters is equal to (11.60 ± 1.09) Volts, (11.66 ± 1.62) Volts, (11.65 ± 1, 82) Volt, the average input voltage reading of a S 12V DC LED lamp with 15 Watt power at 3 different multimeters is (11.6 ± 1.09) Volts, (11.69 ± 1.31) Volts, (11 ,  Volts, (11.65 ± 1.27 ) Volts, (11.66 ± 1.58) Volts. Voltage readings are presented in Figure 3 and Figure 4.

Error analysis
Errors regarding specifications are obtained only through the results of comparisons between the power values read by the Krisbow KW06-490 standard DC clampmeter that has been calibrated with the written power values on the DC 12V LED lamp specifications printed on the lamp package. Comparison of errors presented in Table 1. power on the test gauge with LED 12V DC brand specifications with 12W power on 2 test measuring devices that is equal to ± 13.16% and ± 13.76%. In the S brand with a 12W power of ± 12.86% and ± 28.58%, while in the T brand with a 12W power of ± 9.1%, and ± 13.43%. Measurement of the value of the error reading power on the test gauge with LED 12V DC brand specifications with 15W power on 2 test measuring devices that is equal to ± 7.59% and ± 10.76%. In the S brand with 15W power of ± 2.89% and ± 7.39%, while in the T brand with 15W power of ± 2.98%, and ± 3.19%. The error value between the test power value or the use of DC 12V LED lights with a written power of 12W on R, S, and T brand lights is ± 51.67%, ± 70.75%, ± 61.33%. In 15W lamps the brands R, S, and T were ± 7.20%, ± 0.53%, ± 8.27%. Lamp samples that have the closest power value to the written value for DC 12V LED lamps with 12W power are R brand lamps, while for 12V DC LED lamps with 15W power are S brand lights.