Temperature Monitoring System for Baby Incubator Based on Visual Basic

An incubator room is designed to keep the temperature warm so that the baby feels comfortable. A temperature monitor system for the incubator room placed separately from where the officer works is a hassle and a waste of time. The research aimed to design a temperature detector for an infant incubator that had a constant temperature and was monitored directly in a staff room. An LM35 sensor as a temperature detector was used in the design and installed in a 100 x 80 cm room. The detected temperature was displayed on the LCD and computer in the staff room. The temperature (°C) was converted into an ADC (Analog Digital to Converter) value by an Arduino Uno microcontroller. Several LM35 sensors were mounted in rooms to detect the temperature. The LM 35 sensor was used by considering that it could be calibrated directly in the Celsius scale, a linear scale factor of 10mV/°C, and it had a temperature range between -55°C and 150°C. Keywords— temperature sensor, humidity sensor, incubator, temperature sensor


INTRODUCTION
LM35 sensor can detect temperatures accurately because it has a very high level of accuracy. The temperature results detected by the sensor can be directly converted by Arduino Uno from the analog to digital signals and then displayed on a computer, directly monitored by nurses/officers. When the temperature exceeds the limit, the heater will turn off, but if it is below the limit, the heater will turn on. Thus, the constant temperature can be obtained.
Several previous studies have conducted research on temperature. An embedded based remote monitoring station for live streaming of temperature and humidity was investigated by Halder and Sivakumar [1]. Monitoring of ZigBee-based Server Room Temperature and Humidity using Thermal Imaging was investigated by Yumang [2]. Remote Condition Monitoring Real-Time Light Intensity and Temperature Data was studied by [3]. Low power wireless temperature sensors for health monitoring were investigated by Radoi, Dobrescu and Post [4]. The design and improvement of the freshwater crayfish breeding system by controlling water temperature and monitoring pH through cloud system services was investigated by Photsathian, Suttikul and Tangsrirat [5]. The design and development of a monitoring system for air temperature and relative humidity with a web server based on the AVR processor was investigated by Simic [6]. Vacuum packaging and semi-fan chips for wireless temperature monitoring in industrial applications were investigated by Tijero [7]. The research of SAW-based Online Temperature Monitoring System for Intelligent Circuit Breaker was researched by Ma [8]. The design and implementation of the infrared rotary kiln shell temperature monitoring system was investigated by Liu [9]. A sophisticated battery model for simulating WSN in a temperature variation environment was investigated by Rodrigues [10].
Wireless temperature and humidity monitoring using a sensor array was investigated by Noushad [11]. Case study: The control and multivariable design of level and temperature via arduino via decoupling control loop was investigated by Machado [12]. Arduino-based temperature and humidity control for condensation on engineered surfaces with wet capability was investigated by Gupta [13]. Temperature Control System for Accelerated Aging Tests on Printed Circuit Boards was investigated by LITA [14]. The Artificial Immunity Negative Selection Algorithm for Controlling Water Temperature in Outlet Chamber was investigated by Marciniak, Wawryn and Widulinski [15]. The Fuzzy Logic Control of Humidity and Temperature in Neonatal Incubator was studied by Ili Flores [16]. Temperature and Humidity Control of Fuzzy Greenhouses based on Arduino was investigated by Benyezza [17]. The design of a constant temperature boiler system with fuzzy control and remote monitoring functions was investigated by Chunli Jiang [18]. The design of a server room temperature and humidity control system using a microcontroller-based fuzzy logic was investigated by Purwanto, Utami and Pramono [19]. Control of Solar Water Pumping Systems Using Low Cost ESP32 Microcontroller was investigated by Bipasha Biswas and Tariq Iqbal [20].
The prototype of an ultraviolet light dryer using ATMega8 was studied by Tunggal [21]. The microcontroller-based safety system was studied by Pawlenka and Skuta [22]. The development of smart quail egg incubators for microcontroller-based hatching systems and the Internet of Things (IoT) was researched by Sanjaya [23]. Microcontroller breeding of smart goldfish eggs was studied by Mandala, Sumaryo and Estananto [24]. The design and development of elderly assistance systems using mobile applications and an 8bit microcontroller was studied by Romero de Jesus, Ibarra Bonilla and Quinones Novelo [25]. Thermoelectric module  [27]. The adaptive temperature control design of all coefficients based on the characteristic model was investigated by Jiang, Liu and Han [28]. The process of milling and automatic coffee making with the NUC140 microcontroller was investigated by [29]. Data Storage-Based Heart and Body Temperature Measurement Devices was investigated by Wijaya [30].
From this background, this paper applies the LM35 temperature sensor for temperature monitoring at the incubator.The results of the temperature measurement detected in the baby incubator can be seen directly on the computer screen without checking directly to the incubator room. The results of this study are expected to facilitate nurses/officers to monitor the temperature in the baby incubator continuously.

II. METHOD
The first step to designing a temperature monitor system was making a block diagram displaying the stages of the design process. Figure 1 shows the designed system. It can be further developed.
The system reduced the time in checking the temperature in the incubator room, providing continuous information about the temperature. The temperature changes detected by the LM35 sensor equipped with a thermometer were recorded. The software design used CodeVisionAVR programming for Arduino Uno and PC interface programming using Microsoft Visual Basic 6. The system design consisted of several parts, namely hardware electrical devices, firmware, and software interfaces. The electrical module consisted of Arduino Uno Board, and temperature and humidity sensors. A firmware was made as a working processor microcontroller, and a software interface was made for display.

A. Temperature sensor test
The LM35 sensor has high accuracy and ease of design, compared to other temperature sensors. It has three pins, namely, pin 1, or Vin as the voltage source, pin 2, or middle pin, or Vout as the output voltage, and pin 3, as the ground.  The comparison between the temperature results detected by the LM35 sensor and a thermometer as a comparative instrument is presented in table 1. The table shows that the measurement results obtained are quite good, with an effective temperature of 31 °C to 36 °C.

B. Arduino programming
An Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on ATmega 328P with the specifications of 14 digital inputs/outputs, six as PWM output, six analog inputs, 16 MHz Crystal oscillator, USB connector power jack, ICSP header, and reset button.
The system started by connecting the Arduino to the computer using a USB cable or by providing an AC voltage to the DC adapter or battery. It used the Atmega8U2 microcontroller programmed as the USB-to-serial converter, and an IHD162A Liquid Crystal Display, capable of displaying 16 columns and two rows (16x2) characters.
A buzzer worked to change the electrical vibration into sound vibration as a reminder to officers. It consisted of several coils mounted on a diaphragm element producing electromagnetic currents. Since the coil was mounted on the diaphragm, each movement of the coil moved the diaphragm back and forth to make the air vibrate producing sound, used as an alarm.

C. Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Detected temperature results were displayed on the LCD and the computer screen. The LCD was attached to the microcontroller because it had a small dimension and displayed better graphic characters. Figure 3 displays the Graphical User Interface with Visual Basic 6.0. The display of temperature results was necessary to make so that the officer could monitor thE TEMPERATURE OF THE INCUBATOR. It can be seen that there are 3 buttons to run the monitoring program, namely the star, stop and exit buttons.The software was created after finishing the hardware. Visual Basic was a tool for building applications in a Windows environment. Visual Basic used the Visual approach to design user interfaces for developing applications and Basic language dialects for coding. The visual basic 6.0 interface displayed the temperature results using the LM35 sensor on the computer.  Table 2 presents the percentage of relatively small errors, ranging from 0 to 0.3 It proved that the measurement results have high accuracy in monitoring and detecting the temperature in the baby incubator. . The system can monitor and detect the temperature in the baby incubator room. The temperature results detected by the LM35 sensor could be displayed on the computer in the staff room or a 16x2 LCD in the baby incubator room.

CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the temperature monitor system has worked properly. The system can monitor and detect the temperature in the baby incubator room to be displayed on a computer screen or an LCD in the staff room, and the results are satisfactory. The temperature detected by the LM35 sensor can be displayed either on the computer in the staff room or the 16x2 LCD in the baby incubator room. The system provides information continuously.