Kepadatan Larva Aedes Aegypti di Daerah Endemis Demam Berdarah Desa dan Kota, Hubungannya dengan Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Masyarakat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18196/mmjkk.v12i1.1001Keywords:
house index, countainer index, Demam berdarah dengue, Aedes aegypti, perkotaan, pedesaan, Dengue haemorrhagic fever, urban, ruralAbstract
Demam berdarah dengue (DBD) adalah penyakit penting yang disebabkan oleh virus dan ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Kejadiannya cenderung meningkat setiap tahun dan lebih banyak di perkotaan. Perbedaan karakteristik masyarakat kota dan desa menyebabkan perbedaan perilaku terhadap program pencegahan, sehingga berdampak pada kepadatan larva yang menjadi indikator keberhasilan. Penelitian ini mengungkap hubungan pengetahuan dan perilaku masyarakat dengan kepadatan larva Aedes di kota dan desa. Penelitian bersifat noneksperimental di wilayah endemis DBD kota dan desa di DIY. Variabel bebas adalah pengetahuan dan perilaku masyarakat, variabel tergantung adalah CI (Container index) dan HI (House Index) . Observasi dilakukan terhadap kontainer terkontrol dan tidak terkontrol. Pemeriksaan laboratorium untuk menentukan spesies larva. Data pengetahuan dan perilaku masyarakat didapatkan dari kuesioner dan dinilai dari skor jawaban benar. Responden adalah pemilik rumah yang diperiksa. Hasil menunjukkan CI dan HI desa (20,00% dan 37,31%) > CI dan HI kota (3,62% dan 3,62%). Ada perbedaan signifikan pengetahuan (p=0,002) dan perilaku (p=0,001) antara masyarakat desa dan kota dengan pengetahuan dan perilaku masyarakat kota lebih tinggi. Ada hubungan signifikan pengetahuan (p=0.00) dan perilaku (p=0,032) dengan kepadatan larva di desa, namun tidak signifikan di kota (pengetahuan p=0,065; perilaku p=0,067). Disimpulkan pengetahuan dan perilaku pencegahan DBD masyarakat kota lebih baik daripada desa.
Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is an important disease that transmitted by Aedes aegypti. Incidence rate is tend to increase yearly and even more in urban areas. Differences between towns and villages community’s character impact to different behavior to face the prevention program, so have an impact on larval density. This research would like to reveal the relationship between knowledge and behavior with density larvae, comparing it between cities and villages. Research is nonexperimentally, locate in city (Wirobrajan) and village (Dusun Pepe) in DIY province. Independent variables are knowledge dan behavior score, while dependent variable are CI and HI. Observations to containers whether controlled or uncontrolled. Knowledge and behavior obtained from the questionnaire, calculate by scoring to correct. The respondent was the owner of the house who inspected their larvae. The results show that HI and CI in village (20.00%; 37,31%) is higher than city (2.62%;2.62%). There are significant differences knowledge (p = 0.002) and behavior (p = 0.001) between two communities. There is a significant relationship between knowledge (p = 0.00), behaviors (p = 0,032) and larval density in rural, but no significance in urban (knowledge p=0,065; behavior p=0,067). It was concluded that the knowledge and behavior of prevention of urban society might better than rural.
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