Kadar Glukosa Darah pada Penderita Infark Miokard Akut dengan Diabetes Melitus sebagai Faktor Prediktor Kematian
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18196/mmjkk.v12i2.1003Keywords:
infark miokard akut, diabetes melitus, glukosa darah, kematian, acute myocardial infarction, blood glucose, deathAbstract
Infark miokard akut (IMA) merupakan penyebab kematian pertama di Indonesia. Insiden IMA tergantung pada risiko terjadinya aterosklerosis, salah satunya diabetes melitus (DM). Pada pasien DM, kadar glukosa akan meningkat dan beberapa penelitian melaporkan hubungan antara abnormalitas glukosa dan mortalitas tetapi hingga saat ini belum jelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran kadar glukosa darah terhadap mortalitas pada penderita IMA dengan DM. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan melihat data rekam medis 2006-2011 di rumah sakit. Pada 70 kasus yang didiagnosis IMA dengan DM hanya terdapat 38 kasus yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eklusi. Pasien dibagi dua kelompok berdasarkan kadar glukosa darah saat masuk yaitu Grup 1 (<200 mg/dL) dan Grup 2 (> 200 mg/dL). Outcome pasien juga dilihat dan dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu baik dan meninggal. Hasil analisis Chi square menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar glukosa darah dengan kematian pada penderita IMA dengan DM (p = 0.653, PR=2.4, CI=0.354-16.258). Pemeriksaan laboratorium juga tidak menunjukkan perbedaan rata-rata yang signifikan kecuali pemeriksaan leukosit. Disimpulkan kadar glukosa darah tidak berhubungan dengan kematian sehingga tidak dapat digunakan sebagai faktor prediktor kematian pada penderita IMA dengan DM. Kata kunci: infark miokard akut, diabetes melitus, glukosa darah, kematian
Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is the the first cause of mortality in Indonesia. The incidence of AMI depends on the risk of atheroschlerosis, one of them is diabetes melitus (DM). In DM’s patient, blood glucose level will increase and some research reported the correlation of glucose abnormal with mortality, but it’s not clear. The research aims to know correlation of blood glucose level to mortality in acute myocardial infarction with diabetes melitus patients. This research used cross sectional design by looked at the medical record datas 2006-2011 in hospital. There are 70 cases which diagnosed as AMI with DM, but only 38 cases which fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criterias. Patients divided into 2 Grups depend on the blood glucose level on admission, Grup 1 (<200 mg/dL), Grup 2 (>200mg/dL). We also looked out the patient’s outcome and divided into 2 Grups, recovered and dead. This result by using Chi square analysis does not show a significant correlation between blood glucose level with death in AMI with DM patients (p = 0.653, PR=2.4, CI=0.354-16.258). Laboratory examination also did not show a significant difference of mean except for leucocyte count. The conclusion is blood glucose level has no correlation with death in AMI with DM, so it can’t used as predictor factor of death in patients AMI with DM.
References
World Health Organization. Mortality Country Fact. 2006. p. 2. Diakses dari http://www.who. int/whosis/mort/profiles/mort_searo_idn_ indonesia.pdf pada tanggal 25 April 2011.
Booloki, H.M & Askari, A. Acute Myocardial Infarction. Prevalence and Risk Factor. 2010, 1 Agustus. Diakses dari http://www.cleveland c l i n i c m e d e d . c o m / m e d i c a l p u b s / diseasemanagement/cardiology/acute-myocardial-infarction/ pada tanggal 25 April 2011.
Mladenovi, V., Zdravkovi, V., Jovi, M., Vui, R., Iri-upi, V., Rosi, M. Influence of Admission Plasma Glucose Level on Short- and LongTerm Prognostic in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Vojnosanitetski Pregled; 2010. 67 (4): 292.
Janszky, I., Hallqvist, J., Ljung, R., Ahlbom, A., Hammar, N. Prognostic Role of the Glucometabolic Status Assessed in a Metabolically Stable Phase after a First Acute Myocardial Infarction: the SHEEP study. J Intern Med; 2008. 265 (4): 465-75.
Bassand, J.P., Hamm, C.W., Ardissino, D., Boersma, E., Budai, A., Avile’s, F.F., et al. Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes. Eur Heart J; 2007. 28 (13): 15981660.
World Health Organization. Definition and Diagnosis of Diabetes Melitus and Intermediate Hyperglycemia. Geneva, Switzerland. 2006. p. 3. Diakses dari http://www.who.int/diabetes/ publications/Definition%20and%20 diagnosis %20of%20diabetes_new.pdf pada tanggal 2 April 2011.
Yang, S., Zhou, Y., Nie, X., Liu, Y., Du, J., Hu, D. et al. Effect of Abnormal Fasting Plasma Glucose Level on All-Cause Mortality in Older Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: Result From Beijing Elderly Acute Myocardial Infarction Study (BEAMIS). Mayo Clin Proc; 2011. 86 (2): 94-104.
Salmasi, A., Frost, P., Dancy, M. Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Normotensive Subjects 2Months After Acute Myocardial Infarction is Related to Glucose Intolerance. Am Heart J; 2005. 150 (1): 168-74.
Suleiman, M., Hammerman, H., Boulos, M., Kapeliovich MR, Suleiman A, Agmon Y,.et al. Fasting Gluoses is an Important Independent Risk Factor for 3-day Mortality in Patients with Acute Myocardial Iinfarction; a Prospective Study. Circulation; 2005. 11 (6): 754-760.
Wahab, N.N., Cowden, E.A., Pearce, N.J., Gardber, M.J., Merry, H., Cox, J.L. Is Blood Glucose an Independent Predictor of Mortality in Acute Myocardial Infarction in the Thrombolytic Era?. J Am Coll Cardiol; 2002. 40 (10): 1748-1754.
Oliver, E.M.F & Opie, L.H. Effects of Glucose and Fatty Acids on Myocardial Ischaemia and Arrhythmias. Lancet; 1994. 343. (8890): 155– 158.
Ishihara, M., Kojima, S., Sakamoto, T., Asada Y, Tei C, Kimura K,. et al. Acute Hyperglycemia is Assosiated with Adverse Outcome After Acute Myocardial Infarction in the Coronary Intervention Era. Am Heart J; 2005. 150 (4): 814-20.
Capes, S.E., Hunt, D., Malmberg, K., Gerstein, H.C. Stress Hyperglycaemia and Increased Risk of Death After Myocardial Infarction in Patients With and Without Diabetes: a systematic overview. Lancet; 2000. 355 (9206): 7738.
Marfella, R., Siniscalchi, M., Esposito, K., Sellitto A, De Fanis U, Romano C,. et al. Effect of Stress Hyperglycemia on Acute Myocardial Infarction: Role of Inflammatory Immune Process in Functional Cardiac Outcome. Diabetes Care; 2003. 26 (11): 3129-35.
Werf, F.V., Bax, J., Betriu, A., Crea, F., Falk V, Filippatos G., et al. Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients Presenting with At-segmen Elevation. Eur Heart J; 2008. 29 (23): 2909-45.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright
Authors retain copyright and grant Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan (MMJKK) the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under an Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to remix, adapt and build upon the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and of the initial publication in Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan (MMJKK).
Authors are permitted to copy and redistribute the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan (MMJKK).
License
Articles published in the Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan (MMJKK) are licensed under an Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license. You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
This license is acceptable for Free Cultural Works. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. Under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.