Pengaruh Rintis Alergi terhadap Kelelahan Bersuara pada Remaja
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18196/mmjkk.v13i1.1052Keywords:
sindrom rinitis alergi, kelelahan bersuara, allergic rhinitis syndrome, vocal fatigue, voice handicap indexAbstract
Kelelahan bersuara akibat lingkungan kerja merupakan kombinasi dari efek vokasional, personalitas dan faktor biologi. Faktor biologi yang dimaksud adalah semua faktor yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan pada mukosa pita suara seperti merokok, minum alkohol, kafein, sinusitis, penyakit alergi dan Gastroesophageal Refluks Disease (GERD). Reaksi alergi dan infeksi saluran napas atas menyebabkan suara menjadi serak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rinitis alergi terhadap kualitas bersuara. Penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain kohort retrospektif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 64 mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter FKIK UMY yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan Voice Handicap Index dan kuesioner rinitis alergi yang sudah tervalidasi. Hasil uji Chi-square menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara variabel rinitis alergi dengan kelelahan bersuara secara signifikan (p < 0,05). Selanjutnya uji regresi nominal didapatkan penderita rinitis alergi memiliki kecenderungan 6,9 kali lebih besar mendapatkan kelelahan bersuara dibandingkan yang tidak menderita rinitis alergi (RR=6.9). Hasil uji regresi logistik terdapat pengaruh konsumsi kafein terhadap kelelahan bersuara (p < 0.05). Rinitis alergi yang berlangsung lama dapat berpengaruh pada viskoelastisitas pita suara sehingga terdapat pengaruh rinitis alergi terhadap kelelahan bersuara dibandingkan seseorang yang normal atau tidak mempunyai rinitis alergi, meskipun faktor penggunaan suara, penggunaan kafein, dan faktor lingkungan atau perilaku masih harus dipertimbangkan.
Voice fatigue due to work environment is a combination of vocational, personality and biological factors. Biological factors are all factors that may cause vocal cord mucosa such as smoking, drinking alcohol, caffeine, sinusitis, allergic diseases, and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). Allergic reactions and upper respiratory infections cause a hoarse voice. This research aim to know influence of allergic rhinitis on quality of voice. Research used observational analytic with a retrospective cohort design. The subjects were 64 students of Medical Study Programme FKIK UMY accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research instrument were Voice Handicap Index and allergic rhinitis questionnaire that has been validated. Chi-square test results showed there was an association between allergic rhinitis variables with voice fatigue significantly (p <0.05). Furthermore, nominal regression showed allergic rhinitis had a tendency 6,9 times more likely to get voice fatigue than non suffered allergic rhinitis (RR = 6.9). Results of logistic regression there is the influence of caffeine consumption on voice fatigue (p <0.05). Prolonged allergic rhinitis can affect the viscoelastic vocal cords so it was concluded that there was an effect of allergic rhinitis to voice fatigue of Medical students at universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Although the factor of use of voice, use of caffeine, and environmental or behavioral factors still should be considered.
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