Vitrektomi pada Pasien dengan Retinopati Diabetik
Abstract
Retinopathy is a primary morbidity occurring in retinopathy diabetic patients and may cause blindness. The failure of laser treatment to stop the new neovascularization may result in severe vision damage. Vitrectomy is indicated in severe vision patients to improve their vision. The aims of the study were to discuss vitrectomy in diabetic retinopathy patients, refresh the knowledge on how and when Vitrectomy should be performed, and to understand the side effect in order to obtain optimal vision improvement. The method is literature study. Progressive fibrovascular proliferation in diabetic retinopathy patients may lead to retinal detachment. The detachment of posterior retinal without involvement of fovea can be observed. However, if fovea is involved, vitrectomy is indicated. If adequate Laser fails due to media opacity, cataract surgery may be performed. Laser photocoagulation can be conducted a few days postsurgery. Alternatively, both vitrectomy and endolaser may be recommended along with lensectomy and intraocular lens implantation. Diabetic Retinopathy Vitrectomy Study(DRVS) concluded:1) in severe vitreous bleeding eyes, early vitrectomy may result in improved vision despite the high risk of vision loss which needs to be considered.2)In the IDDM patients, especially those with severe vitreous bleeding, early vitrectomy is more beneficial and may have a good result. Postoperative complications may occur including retinal detachment, vitreous bleeding, rubeosis iridis, and other types of complications, which require further considerations for optimal result.The prognosis after vitrectomy depends on the macular function. Surgery for vitreous bleeding without macula detachment generally brings a good result.
Retinopati merupakan penyebab morbiditas utama pada pasien diabetes dengan akibat akhir yang paling ditakuti adalah kebutaan. Kegagalan terapi laser untuk menghentikan proliferasi pembuluh darah baru dapat menyebabkan kerusakan penglihatan yang parah. Pada pasien dengan kerusakan penglihatan yang berat, vitrektomi merupakan terapi yang dapat diharapkan untuk memperbaikinya. Kajian ini membahas tentang vitrektomi pada retinopati DM, menyegarkan pengetahuan kita tentang bagaimana dan kapan vitrektomi dilaksanakan serta mengerti efek yang terjadi supaya didapatkan perbaikan penglihatan yang seoptimal mungkin. Proliferasi fibrovaskular yang progresif pada diabetes dapat mengakibatkan lepasnya retina. Lepasnya bagian posterior tanpa melibatkan fovea dapat tetap stabil dan harus diobservasi, namun begitu fovea terlibat, vitrektomi merupakan indikasi. Jika fotokoagulasi panretinal yang adekuat tidak dapat dilakukan karena opasitas media, pembedahan katarak dapat dilakukan, dan fotokoagulasi laser dapat dilakukan setelah beberapa hari pasca pembedahan. Sebagai alternative, vitrektomi dan endolaser dapat dilakukan bersama dengan lensektomi dengan pemasangan lensa intraocular. Penelitian DRVS menyimpulkan: 1) untuk mata dengan perdarahan vitreus berat, vitrektomi awal menghasilkan tajam penglihatan yang lebih baik, meskipun risiko lebih banyak kehilangan visus sampai tidak didapatkan persepsi cahaya harus dipikirkan. 2) pasien dengan IDDM, khususnya dengan perdarahan vitreus berat, vitrektomi awal lebih menguntungkan dan menghasilkan pemulihan tajam penglihatan yang baik. Komplikasi post operasi dapat terjadi, diantaranya yaitu pelepasan retina, perdarahan vitreus, rubeosis iridis, dan komplikasi lain harus pula dipikirkan lebih lanjut supaya didapatkan hasil yang optimal. Disimpulkan bahwa prognosis penglihatan setelah vitrektomi tergantung pada fungsi macula. Pembedahan untuk perdarahan vitreus tanpa pelepasan macula biasanya menghasilkan ketajaman penglihatan yang baik.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/mmjkk.v10i1.1566
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