Perbedaan Kadar Endotelin-1 pada Penderita Hipertensi Stadium 1, 2 dan Bukan Penderita Hipertensi

Abstract

Hypertension is a risk factor of cardiovascular disease. Endothelin-1 is a strong vasoconstrictor andrelatedwith angiotensin IIin the arteriapressure regulation. This regulation influence in pathologic condition such as hypertension, congestive heart failure and cronic renal failure. The aim of this study is to compare the levels of endothelin-1 between the patient of hypertension stage 1; stage 2 and no hypertension person. The design of this study is cross sectional. Subjects were resident in the territory of District Health Center 2 Mlati, Sleman, DIY, men and women, aged 18-75 years. Hypertension Stage 1, Stage 2 and no hypertension groups were determined according to Joint National Committee (JNC) 7 criteria. Research subjects used randomly with stratification, fasting at least 8 hours before blood samples were taken for examination to measure the level of endothelin-1. There are 43 patients with hypertension stage 1, 54 patients with hypertension stage 2 and 54 non hypertension person. The difference of endothelin-1 level among groups were analyzed by Anova. This research shows that the increasing levels of endothelin-1 is in a row with increasing of blood pressure in hypertension stage 1 and 2; and the increasing more clear and meaningful in the 50-75 year age of group.

Hipertensi merupakan faktor risiko penyakit jantung. Endotelin-1 adalah vasokonstriktor kuat dan berkaitan dengan angiotensin II dalam pengaturan tekanan arteria. Pengaturan ini berpengaruh terhadap kondisi patologis seperti hipertensi, gagal jantung kongesti dan gagal ginjal kronis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah ingin membandingkan kadar endotelin-1 antara penderita hipertensi stadium 1; stadium 2, dan bukan penderita hipertensi. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah cross sectional. Subjek adalah penduduk di wilayah Kabupaten Puskesmas 2 Mlati, Sleman, DIY, pria dan wanita, usia 18-75 tahun. Hipertensi stadium 1, stadium 2 dan bukan penderita hipertensi ditentukan menurut kriteria JNC 7. Subyek penelitian diambil secara acak dengan stratifikasi, puasa minimal 8 jam sebelum sampel darah diambil untuk pemeriksaan kadar endotelin-1. Ada 43 pasien dengan hipertensi stadium 1, 54 pasien dengan hipertensi stadium 2 dan 54 orang non hipertensi. Perbedaan kadar endotelin-1 antar kelompok dianalisis dengan Anova. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi kadar endotelin-1 maka semakin meningkat tekanan darah pada hipertensi tahap 1 dan 2; dan peningkatan usia lebih jelas dan berarti pada kelompok usia 50-75 tahun.