Distribusi Prevalensi Infestasi Parasit Usus pada Balita Penderita Gizi Buruk di Kasihan, Bantul, Yogyakarta Berdasarkan Faktor Risiko
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18196/mmjkk.v10i2.1575Keywords:
parasit usus, balita, gizi buruk, faktor risiko, intestinal parasite, under five year old, malnutrition, risk factorsAbstract
Malnutrition is still a public health problem in Indonesia. Severe malnutrition increasing susceptibility to the infection, and the infection is the direct factor influencing nutrition status. Intestinal parasite infestation make worse the sufferer and inhibit the elimination programme. The research purpose is to know the prevalence of intestinal parasite infestation in under five year children with severe malnutrition, and express to its risk factor of intestinal parasite infestation. The subject is all of under five children with severe malnutrition recorded in Primary Health Care in Kasihan, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Questionnaire and medical record data used to find the risk factors: acces to primary health care, parent ’s formal education, history of chronic infection and social-economic status. Direct and indirect method of faeces examination were carried out by two persons to find cysts or nematode’s eggs. The prevalence of intestinal protozoa infestation are Entamoeba histolytica (56,2%), Entamoeba coli (43,48%), Giardia lamblia (21,74%) and Balantidium coli (4,35%). Infestation of intestinal nematodes are Ascaris lumbricoides (52,17%), hook worm (13,04%) and Enterobius vermicularis (8,96%). The protrude condition of subject family are 84% low social-economic status; 96% low and medium category of parent’s formal education degree; 40% have no sanitation facilities and 64% subject with chronic disease.
Gizi buruk merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang penting di Indonesia. Gizi buruk menyebabkan penderita rentan terhadap infeksi. Infeksi merupakan faktor langsung yang mempengaruhi gizi buruk. Infestasi parasit usus mengakibatkan penderita gizi buruk menjadi lebih buruk lagi, sehingga menghambat usaha pemberantasan gizi buruk di masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi infestasi parasit usus pada balita penderita gizi buruk dan distribusi prevalensinya berdasarkan faktor risiko. Subyek penelitian adalah semua balita gizi buruk di Puskesmas Kasihan I dan II, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Kuesioner dan catatan medik untuk mendapatkan data faktor risiko yaitu akses dengan pelayanan kesehatan, tingkat pendidikan orang tua, riwayat infeksi kronis dan tingkat sosial ekonomi. Pemeriksaan feses dengan metode langsung dan tidak langsung untuk menemukan sista atau telur cacing, dilakukan sebanyak dua kali dengan pemeriksa berbeda. Prevalensi infestasi protozoa usus pada balita penderita gizi buruk adalah Entamoeba histolytica (56,52%), Entamoeba coli (43,48%), Giardia lamblia (21,74%), dan 4,35% Balantidium coli. Infestasi cacing usus: Ascaris lumbricoides (52,17%), cacing tambang (13,04%) dan Enterobius vermicularis (8,69%). Kondisi yang menonjol pada keluarga balita gizi buruk adalah 84% berstatus sosial ekonomi rendah, 96% orang tua berpendidikan rendah dan sedang serta 40% mempunyai sarana sanitasi memadai; 64% terinfeksi penyakit kronis.
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