Antibiotik Linkomisin M sebagai Antimalaria terhadap Mencit Swiss Terinfeksi Plasmodium berghei
Abstract
Malaria is one among the most important public health problems in tropical countries like Indonesia. Several actions have been taken to overcome this problem, however its prevalence is still high. Parasite resistance to antimalarial drug and vector resistance to insecticide are the major constrains in controlling the disease. To overcome this problem an alternative drugs are essentially need to be found. The antibiotic lincomycine is an example of alternative drug, and has been used in combination with chloroquine.. This aim of this study is to assess the effect of linkomycine on Swiss mice infected by Plasmodium berghei and will be compared to antimalarial drug of chloroquine. Fibe groups, each consisted of 5 female Swiss mice were used and Plasmodium berghei were inoculated. Group 1 is positive control who reseiving 100 mg/kg BW, 200 mg/kg BW and 300 mg/kg BW oAll drugs were given twice daily for 5 days. The degree of parasitemia were examinated daily using thin blood smears up to 5 days from inoculation and were analyzed by log-probit metod. The study showed that linkomycine 200 mg/kg BW and linkomycine 300 mg/kg BW were cured on Swiss mice infected by Plasmodium berghei. Effective dosage 50 of linkomycine is 3,707 mg/kg BW and effective dosage 90 is 39,125 mg/kg BW.
Malaria sampai saat ini masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang penting terutama di Negara-negara tropis termasuk Indonesia. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk pemberantasan malaria tetapi prevalensi malaria masih tetap tinggi disebabkan berbagai hambatan diantaranya adanya resistensi vektor terhadap insektisida dan resistensi parasit terhadap obat antimalaria. Adanya permasalahan tersebut mendorong untuk mencari alternatif obat yang dapat diperoleh dengan mudah dan telah dikenal oleh masyarakat luas bahkan mungkin telah lama digunakan, salah satunya dengan menggunakan antibiotika. Diantara antibiotika tersebut adalah linkomisin yang pernah digunakan sebagai antimalaria dengan cara dikombinasi dengan obat-obat yang lain yang termasuk dalam antimalaria sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek linkomisin terhadap mencit Swiss yang terinfeksi Plasamodium berghei jika dibandingkan dengan klorokuin. Lima kelompok perlakukan yang masing-masing terdiri dari 5 ekor mencit betina yang diinokulasi Plasmodium berghei. Kelompok I sebagai kontrol positif mendapatkan pengobatan klorokuin 25 mg/kg BB, kelompok II sebagai kontrol negatif tidak mendapatkan pengobatan apapun. Kelompok III, IV, dan V masing-masing mendapatkan pengobatan linkomisin 100 mg/kgBB, 200 mg/kgBB, dan 300 mg/kgBB. Setiap kelompok mencit diberikan pengobatan secara oral 2 kali sehari selama 5 hari. Pemeriksaan angka parasitemia dilakukan setiap hari dengan pemeriksaan apus darah tipis yang diambil dari ekor mencit. Dosis efektif (ED) 50, ED-90 dihitung dengan analisis probit. Hasil penelitian menunnjukkan bahwa linkomisin 200 mg/kgBB dan 300 mg/kgBB mampu menekan pertumbuhan parasit sehingga mencit bebas parasit. Dari hasil analisis probit ED-50 linkomisin 3,707 mg/kgBB, dan ED-90 adalah 39,125 mg/kgBB.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/mmjkk.v9i2.1604
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