Hubungan antara Riwayat Keluarga Hipertensi dengan Tekanan Darah setelah Berolahraga Isotonik pada Dewasa Muda Normotensif

Ikhlas Muhammad Jenie, Sisti Meiryisha

Abstract


Hypertension is divided into primary and secondary hypertension according to the causes. A secondary hypertension is caused by another disease, while a primary hypertension has an unknown cause but other factors such as genes and environmental issues can cause primary hypertension. The aim of this articles is to give a feature about blood pressure respons after exercise on young mature normotensive that have a family history of hypertension. The research design is a mixed semi-experimental method. The numbers of subjects are 45 people, divided in two groups. The first group consists of 23 people who have a family history of hypertension, and the second group consists of 22 people don ’t have a family history of hypertension. Every subject does an isotonic exercise using an ergometer cycle for 6 minutes. Before, during and after the exercise, the subject’s systole, diastole, and heart rates are measured. The comparison heart rate between the two groups was significant before (p=0,004), during (p=0,005), and after (p=0,002) isotonic exercise, and so did the increasing diastole pressure (p=0,030), no significant systole and diastole pressure results between the two groups in before, during, and after the exercise. The increasing of heart rate and diastole pressure, and also the recovery of heart rate, systole and diastole pressures did not differ between the two groups. It can concluded that familial history of hypertension influence the heart rate before, during, and after isotonic exercise, and also influence the increasing of systole pressure in normotensive young adults.

Penyakit kardiovaskular adalah penyakit yang banyak menyebabkan kematian di Indonesia, salah satunya adalah hipertensi. Hipertensi adalah apabila tekanan darah sistolik mencapai 140 mm Hg atau lebih atau tekanan darah diastolik melebihi 90 mm Hg atau lebih. Hipertensi menurut penyebabnya digolongkan menjadi hipertensi primer dan sekunder. Hipertensi sekunder disebabkan oleh penyakit lain sedangkan hipertensi primer sampai sekarang belum diketahui penyebabnya akan tetapi faktor yang berperan adalah faktor genetik dan lingkungan. Tujuan makalah ini untuk memberi gambaran tentang respon tekanan darah setelah berolahraga isotonik pada dewasa muda normotensif yang memiliki riwayat keluarga hipertensi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode semi experimental mixed design. Subjek 45 orang dibagi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok satu 23 orang subjek memiliki riwayat keluarga hipertensi dan kelompok dua 22 orang subjek tidak memiliki riwayat keluarga hipertensi. Semua subjek melakukan olahraga isotonik dengan sepeda ergometer selama 6 menit, kemudian tekanan darah sistolik, tekanan darah diastolik, dan frekuensi denyut nadi diukur pada waktu sebelum, saat, dan setelah berolahraga. Peningkatan serta pemulihan tekanan darah sistolik, tekanan darah diastolik, dan frekuensi denyut nadi juga diukur. Didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna antara kedua kelompok pada frekuensi denyut nadi sebelum (p=0,004), saat (p=0,005), dan setelah berolahraga (0,002) serta peningkatan tekanan darah sistolik (p=0,030), tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang bermakna antara kedua kelompok pada tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik sebelum, saat, dan setelah berolahraga. Pada peningkatan tekanan darah diastolik dan frekuensi denyut nadi serta pemulihan pada tekanan darah sistolik, diastolik, dan frekuensi denyut nadi juga tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara kedua kelompok. Disimpulkan bahwa riwayat keluarga hipertensi mempengaruhi frekuensi denyut nadi sebelum, saat, dan setelah berolahraga serta peningkatan tekanan darah sistolik pada dewasa muda normotensif.


Keywords


isotonik; riwayat keluarga hipertensi; tekanan darah; blood pressure; family with a history of hypertension; isotonic; isometric

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/mmjkk.v9i1%20(s).1627

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