Kasus Depresi Berulang pada Anak Usia Sekolah dengan Penolakan Bersekolah
Abstract
Depression in children is often under-recognized because not all children complain of sad feeling. The incidence of depression in prepuberty and adolescence is estimated 1.5-2.5% and 4-5% respectively. The clinical appearance is influenced by the child’s age and psychological experience such as irritability, decrease of school achievement, withdrawal from social or leisure activity, and feeling more of inward signs like depressed, guilty or useless feeling and suicidal ideation. The aim of this paper is to report a case of recurrent child depression with refusal of going to school with method depth-interview towards the child and his family. Result of this report case of recurrent depression in a school-aged child with refusal to go to school was reported. A 10-year old boy who was in 5th grade of elementary school refused to go to school for 3 months. Clinical appearance showed sad looking, withdrawal, irritability, difficulty to sleep, depressed feeling, and decreased school achievement. The psychosocial stressor was bullying done by his schoolmates. Two years prior to the condition when he was in the 3th grade, the child showed the same clinical appearance with a stressor of mistreatment from his teacher. He was given pharmacotherapy and behavioral therapy.
Berbeda dengan Depresi pada orang dewasa, kasus depresi pada anak sering tidak terdiagnosis (uunderrecognised), karena tidak semua penderita Depresi pada anak mengeluh sedih. Insiden anak prapubertas diperkirakan 1,5-2,5% dan menjadi 4-5% pada masa remaja. Gambaran klinis yang tampak pada anak dipengaruhi oleh usia dan pengalaman psikologis anak, seperti lekas marah (iirritable), prestasi sekolah menurun, menyingkir dari kegiatan sosial atau aktivitas yang menyenangkan dan anak merasa murung (inward sign) seperti perasaan yang tertekan, rasa bersalah, rasa tak berharga, dan pikiran bunuh diri, tujuannya adalah melaporkan 1 kasus depresi berulang pada anak dengan masalah penolakan bersekolah, metoda yang digunakan wawancara mendalam terhadap penderita dan keluarga penderita. Dilaporkan 1 kasus depresi berulang pada anak usia sekolah dengan masalah penolakan sekolah. Seorang anak laki-laki berusia 10 tahun, klas 5 SD, tidak mau sekolah selama 3 bulan. Gejala klinis yang ada adalah tampak sedih, tidak mau keluar rumah untuk berinteraksi dengan teman-temannya, mudah marah (irritabel), sulit tidur, merasa tertekan, prestasi belajar menurun, menyakiti diri sendiri. Stressor psikososial adalah perlakuan nakal dari teman-temannya dalam bentuk ejekan dan perilaku kasar yang menyakitkan. Dua tahun sebelumnya pada saat duduk di kelas 3, anak pernah mengalami hal serupa dengan stressor perlakuan gurunya yang tidak baik. Diberikan farmakoterapi dan terapi perilaku pada penderita.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/mmjkk.v7i2.1677
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