Peningkatan Visualisasi Appendix dengan Kombinasi Adjuvant Teknik Pemeriksaan Ultrasonografi pada Kasus Appendicitis
Abstract
To diagnose the appendicitis not easy, because in the fact we find many false positive appendicitis post surgery. Ultrasonography is modality that often choose because it has severe superiority, i.e : non invasif, safety, no radiation effect (safety for pregnant woman and children), cheap, easy, simple and need short time. The weakness Ultrasonography is depend on the operator, various appendix location each somebody. The aim of this literature reviews is to resume of various operator-dependent techniques to graded compression ultrasonography that is useful for allowing improved visualization of appendixes. The addition of various operator-dependent techniques to graded compression sonography i.e a posterior manual compression technique, upward graded compression technique, left oblique lateral decubitus position of body, low-frequency convex transducer (especially for obese poeple and gravid woman), the combination of gray scale and color doppler ultrasound can increase diagnostic accuracy of appendicitis (sensitivity, specitivity and accuracy more 99%). The addition of adjuvant technique of dependent operator that have most highly accuracy is a posterior manual compression technique and the lowest is Left oblique lateral decubitus position of body. The result of the research find appendicitis appearances in ultrasound that have most highly accuracy are blind ending tubular structure at the transversal or longitudinal section of ultrasound, diameter of wallthichness more 6 mm, non compressible, non peristaltic, vascularity increased around appendixes in color doppler ultrasound examination.
Penegakan diagnosis appendicitis merupakan hal yang tidak mudah, karena kenyataannya di lapangan masih banyak angka positif palsu appendicitis post operasi. Ultrasonografi (USG) merupakan pemeriksaan yang paling sering dipilih sebagai modalitas diagnostik appendicitis karena mempunyai beberapa keunggulan, yaitu: non invasif, aman, efek radiasi tidak ada (aman bagi wanita hamil dan anak-anak), relatif murah dan mudah dilakukan, waktu yang diperlukan singkat. Kekurangannya pemeriksaan USG sangat tergantung ketrampilan pemeriksa, lokasi appendix yang bervariasi untuk tiap orang sehingga teknik pemeriksaan U SG sangat penting diperhatikan. Tujuan literature review ini adalah untuk merangkum berbagai teknik pemeriksaan USG untuk memvisualisasikan appendix sehingga dapat meningkatkan nilai diagnostik appendicitis. Berdasar literatur review ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa teknik graded kompresi dengan Adjuvant teknik pemeriksaan USG dependent operator yaitu: teknik manual posterior, teknik kompresi bertahap ke arah atas, teknik perubahan posisi Left Oblique Lateral Decubitus, penggunaan transducer konveks frekuensi rendah (terutama untuk orang yang obese dan wanita hamil), kombinasi USG gray scale dengan CDU dapat meningkatkan nilai akurasi diagnostik appendicitis (sensitifitas, spesifisitas dan akurasi hampir 99%). Beberapa teknik Adjuvant tersebut yang mempunyai nilai diagnostik tertinggi adalah teknik kompresi manual posterior, sedang yang terendah adalah teknik perubahan posisi tubuh (Left Oblique Lateral Decubitus). Gambaran USG pada appendix yang mengarah appendicitis yang mempunyai akurasi tinggi berdasar beberapa penelitian, adalah: tampak struktur tubular buntu (blind ending) pada potongan longitudinal dan transversal, diameter dinding lebih 6 mm, non compressible, aperistaltik, peningkatan aliran darah pada pemeriksaan CDU di daerah appendix.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/mmjkk.v7i1%20(s).1686
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