Perbandingan Efek Antiinflamasi antara Ekstrak Pare (M. Charantia) dengan Kortikosteroid terhadap Dermatitis Eksperimental pada Mencit secara Topikal
Abstract
SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) represents how confusing the picture of inflammation is. In spite of its ability to protect our body, inflamma¬tion could have some disadvantages. Corticosteroid is one of symtomatically therapy for SARS. Corticosteroids itself has been used for a long time as antiinflammatory drug. But, its adverse reaction such immunocomprimised effect has limited its widely use. It was reported that a and b momorcharin from Pare has antiinflammatory activity. Momorcharin has an ability to prevent antigen-induced limfosit pro¬liferation and reduce the ability of macrofag to fagosit antigen. The aim of this research is to know how good the antiinflammatory effect of Pare comparing with hidrocortison’s is. The subject of this observation are mice as many as 22, which randomly divided into 4 groups. Each group had been injected with S. aureus subcutan. As soon as signs og infection appeared, we treated one group with Pare oint¬ment, one other group with hidrocortison, and 2 groups the rest as positive and negative control. The inflammation reaction in each group had been recorded, clinically and histologically. The datas were assessed with descriptively and qualitatifly analitic. The result was Pare itself had antiinflammatory effect. Topically, it could make inflammation reaction reduced, udema diminished, necrose not widened, healing time shorted and fibrosis prevented. But, still, its effect was not as strong as corticosteroid had. Neverthanless, all mice that had been treated with corticosteroid had died because of sepsis or immunocomprimised state, that Pare wouldn’t had.
Fenomena SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) mewakili gambaran hebatnya reaksi inflamasi, yang merupakan respon imun bermata dua. Pada satu sisi merupakan alat pertahanan tubuh, namun pada sisi yang lain dapat merugikan. Terapi simtomatis SARS salah satunya adalah pemberian metilprednisolon, yang merupakan golongan kortikosteroid. Sebagai antiinflamasi, kortikosteroid sudah digunakan setengah abad lamanya. Penggunaan kortikosteroid sebagai antiinflamasi dibatasi oleh efek samping yang ditimbulkannya, terutama penurunan status imun/ imunokompromised. Dilaporkan bahwa biji pare (M charantia) -mengandung zat a dan b momorcharin- mempunyai aktivitas antiinflamasi. In vitro momorcharin mampu menghambat proliferasi limfosit terinduksi antigen dan menurunkan fungsi fagosit dari makrofag. In vivo pada tikus mampu menghambat migrasi makrofag dan reaksi hipersensitifitas tipe lambat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan efek antiinflamasi antara ekstrak Pare 10% dengan hidrokortison 1% secara topikal terhadap dermatitis eksperimental pada mencit. Subyek penelitian adalah mencit berjumlah 22 ekor, dibagi random menjadi empat kelompok: K (6 ekor), C (7 ekor) dan P (7 ekor,) masing-masing mendapat injeksi subkutan S. aureus 9 x 10,0ul. Terjadi infeksi lokal dengan angka kegagalan 5%. Mencit kelompok C mendapat terapi ointment Hidrokortison 1%, kelompok P oint¬ment ekstrak biji pare 10%, kelompok K tidak mendapat terap i/kontrol positif dan kelompok S (2 ekor) kontrol negatif. Pengukuran meliputi derajat peradangan -secara klinis dan histopatologi- serta kesembuhan yang dicapai. Analitisa data bersifat kualitatif deskriptif. Didapatkan hasil ekstrak biji pare mempunyai efek antiinflamasi. Pemberiannya secara topikal mampu memperlambat reaksi peradangan, mencegah akumulasi sel radang, meminimalisasi udema, mengurangi nekrosis, waktu pemulihan lebih cepat dan menghambat terbentuknya jaringan parut. Tetapi, efek antiinflamasi ekstrak biji pare masih lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan hidrokortison. Meskipun demikian seluruh mencit kelompok C/terapi hidrokortison mati dalam kondisi imunokompromised/sepsis.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/mmjkk.v3i2.1700
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