Imunitas Seluler Malaria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18196/mmjkk.v5i1.1867Keywords:
malaria, imunitas seluler, fagosit, cellular immunity, phagocytAbstract
Malaria is still a majority infection disease in Indonesia. Although the disease have high rate morbidity and mortality, but literature concerning malaria immunology is still few. There is no effective vaccine available against endemic human malaria at present. The aim of this study is to explain new information about cellular immune response of infection malaria.Malaria infection by Plasmodium falsiparum patient who have not immuned can cause patient died. In the body of patient, malaria parasite is a lot of staying in cell, either in hepatosit and also eritrosit. The cellular immunity assumed more antici¬pated to malaria infection compared to the humoral immuned system. T lymphocyt, macrophage and other phagocyt that helping by pro inflammation cytokin, interleukin 2, TNF A and interferon y, are important component [of] cellular immuned system. The direct phagocytosis and microbisidal is an important mechanism to elliminate the parasite by phagocyte.
Malaria masih merupakan penyakit infeksi utama di Indonesia. Tingkat morbiditas dan mortalitas malaria di Indonesia masih tinggi, tetapi literatur mengenai imunologi malaria masih sedikit. Sampai saat ini belum ada vaksin malaria yang mampu melindungi masyarakat yang tinggal di daerah endemic. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji imunitas seluler pada infeksi malaria melalui pendekatan kajian pustaka.
Infeksi malaria oleh Plasmodium falsiparum pada penderita yang tidak imun dapat menyebabkan kematian. Dalam tubuh penderita, parasit malaria banyak tinggal di dalam sel baik di dalam hepatosit maupun eritrosit. Imunitas seluler diduga lebih berperan sebagai sistem pertahanan penderita terhadap infeksi malaria dibandingkan dengan sistem imun humoral. Sel limfosit T, makrofag dan fagosit dengan dibantu oleh sitokin pro inflamasi, interleukin 2, TNF a dan interferon y, merupakan komponen utama sistem imun seluler. Fagositosis langsung dan mikrobisidal merupakan cara eliminasi parasit yang utama oleh fagosit.
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