Uji Toksisitas Subkronis Ekstrak Etanolik Biji Srikaya (Annona squamosa L.) Sebagai Repelan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18196/mmjkk.v6i1.1880Keywords:
Annona squamosa, carvon, limonen, uji toksisitas subkronis, topikalAbstract
Active compound in A. squamosa seed such as carvon and limonene has a toxic effect on skin cell and can be absorbed into bloodflow, so has a systemic effect on liver, lung and kidney. The aim of this research is to study the toxic effect of ethanolic extract of A. squamosa seed as repellant subchronically.Thirty rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain, male and female, 3 month old used as subject. It is divided into 5 groups, negative control groups, positive control group with CMC, and three group of treatment group used ethanolic extract of A. squamosa seed dosage I (25%), II (50%) dan III (100%). The back hair of the rats were showed with its diameter 1,5cm of it and given a treatment topically for each groups every day for thirty days and observed its condition if any change happens every days. On day 31, all of the rats decapitated, a skin located of treatment is taken and so its liver, lung and kidney to make a histopathological preparation with H&E.
The result of this research showed that subchronic ethanolic extract of A. squamosa seed 25%, 50% and 100% topically caused irritation on skin, but not caused of change in histological features of liver, lung and kidney. Subchronic ethanolic extract of A. squamosa seed 100% significantly caused irritation and increased of polimorphonuclear cell.
Senyawa aktif dalam biji antara lain carvon dan limonene mempunyai efek toksik pada sel- sel kulit dan dapat terabsorpsi masuk ke dalam aliran darah, sehingga memberikan efek sistemik pada organ hepar, pulmo dan ginjal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek toksik ekstrak etanolik biji A. squamosa sebagai repelan yang digunakan secara subkronis.
Subyek penelitian adalah tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) galur Wistar jantan dan betina, umur3 bulan, 30ekor. Subyekdibagimenjadi5kelompokyaitukelompokkontrolnegatif,kelompok kontrol CMC, kelompok ekstrak etanolik biji A. squamosa konsentrasi I (25%), II (50%) dan III (100 %). Punggung tikus dicukur dengan diameter 1,5 cm, diberi perlakuan pada hari kel-30 sesuai kelompoknya. Ekstrak dioleskan setiap hari di tempat yang dicukur. Kondisi umum tikus diamati dan dicatat perubahan yang teijadi setiap hari. Pada hari ke-31, semua tikus dikorbankan, kulit tempat perlakuan, hepar, paru dan ginjal diambil dan dibuat preparat histologi dengan pengecatan H&E.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian subkronis ekstrak etanolik biji srikaya (Annona squamosa) 25%, 50%, 100% secara topikal menyebabkan iritasi pada kulit, tetapi tidak menyebabkan perubahan histologis organ hepar, paru dan ginjal, ekstrak etanolik A. squamosa 100% topikal subkronis secara signifikan dapat menyebabkan iritasi dan meningkatnya jumlah polimorfonuklear sel.
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