Inequality of Public Transportation Policy in the Disruptive Era Between Online and Conventional Transportation

Retnowati Wahyuning Dyas Tuti, Asep Setiawan, Winda Dwi Astuti Zebua, Endang Rudiatin, Izzatusholekha Izzatusholekha, Nida Handayani, Devia Andiani

Abstract


Indonesia is one of the countries with a large market for online transportation. This paper describes a meta-analysis on policy inequality regarding public transportation. Meta-analysis and Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Software (CAQDAS) were utilized to evaluate the inequality of public transportation policy for conventional transportation. Scopus search engine was also used to identify broad literature on a particular policy regulation in Indonesia between 2010 and 2021. Then, this study employed online news related to the conflict between conventional and online transportation. The result disclosed a policy inequality between online and conventional transportation based on the social movement on online media. Thus, the government has to implement a strict policy applicable to transportation. The words “protest”, “regulation,” and “police” were also seen clearly on the issue. In addition, the protesters, comprised of drivers from Uber, Grabcar, and Go-Car, said that Transportation Ministry Regulation No 32/2016 would disadvantage them because it is too difficult to comply with the requirements. Hence, the government can decide on self-regulation to design a policy for online transportation. In this case, state law is still necessary when monopolistic attempts are made, unfair competition exists, public safety as consumers is maintained, and taxes are collected.


Keywords


Inequality Transportation Policy, Online Transportation, Conventional Transportation

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adjat, Nadhifa Pryanka, Aurell Delonique R, Abdullah Ade Suryobuwono, and Abi Prasidi. 2020. “THE IMPACT OF PSBB POLICY ON ONLINE TRANSPORTATION SERVICES IN JABODETABEK.” Advances in Transportation and Logistics Research 3(0): 258–64. https://proceedings.itltrisakti.ac.id/index.php/ATLR/article/view/282 (October 2, 2021).

Akimova, T, G Arana-Landín, and I Heras-Saizarbitoria. 2020. “The Economic Impact of Transportation Network Companies on the Traditional Taxi Sector: An Empirical Study in Spain.” Case Studies on Transport Policy 8(2): 612–19.

Ambarwati, Okki Chandra, Rino Ardhian Nugroho, and Didik Gunawan Suharto. 2019. “The Role of the Government Regulation in Online Transportation: A Model Validation.” Bisnis & Birokrasi Journal 26(1).

Bargar, A, S Pitts, J Butkevics, and I McCulloh. 2019. “Challenges and Opportunities to Counter Information Operations Through Social Network Analysis and Theory.” In 11th International Conference on Cyber Conflict: Silent Battle, CyCon 2019, eds. Minarik T. et al. Asymmetric Operations, Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States: NATO CCD COE Publications. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85069160707&doi=10.23919%2FCYCON.2019.8756832&partnerID=40&md5=0fc4945ee56a87c3d5a9b917887a6b8a.

Bathini, D R, and Shalini. 2021. “Microtargeting Control: Explicating Algorithmic Control and Nudges in Platform-Mediated Cab Driving in India.” New Technology, Work and Employment 36(1): 74–93. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102566127&doi=10.1111%2Fntwe.12188&partnerID=40&md5=ddc5baf189fef4cd996e0995703217d1.

Bento, Antonio, Daniel Kaffine, Kevin Roth, and Matthew Zaragoza-Watkins. 2014. “The Effects of Regulation in the Presence of Multiple Unpriced Externalities: Evidence from the Transportation Sector.” American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 6(3): 1–29.

Bidari, Ashinta Sekar. 2018. “THE SINERGY OF CONVENTIONAL AND ONLINE TRANSPORTATION.” Surakarta Law and Society Journal 1(1): 14–24. http://unsa.ac.id/ejournal/index.php/slsj/article/view/170 (October 2, 2021).

Chan, S Y. 2020. “Analysis of Time of Use and Intermodality of Ride-Hailing Services in Singapore Using Mobile Web Traffic Data.” EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing: 137–43. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090540120&doi=10.1007%2F978-3-030-28925-6_12&partnerID=40&md5=1e722e35d68abae37a77dd1944a260f5.

Dewi, D S, N Ilmi, and R S Dewi. 2020. “Applying Eye Tracker Technology for Analyzing User Interface Design of Online Transportation Applications (Case Study: Grab Application).” In 3rd International Conference on Engineering Technology for Sustainable Development, ICET4SD 2019, Industrial Enginnering Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh, Nopember Surabaya, Indonesia: Institute of Physics Publishing. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85079683389&doi=10.1088%2F1757-899X%2F722%2F1%2F012038&partnerID=40&md5=28fb9fddfff887a5d46f7a5b409b71ef.

Dollah, Syarifuddin, Amirullah Abduh, and Ms. Rosmaladewi. 2017. “Benefits and Drawbacks of NVivo QSR Application.” 149(Icest): 61–63.

Edwards-Jones, Andrew. 2014. “Qualitative Data Analysis with NVIVO.” Journal of Education for Teaching 40(2): 193–95.

Fajar, Mukti, Dirk Zwerenz, and Reni Budi Setianingrum. 2019. “Disruptive Innovation on Competition Law: Regulation Issues of Online Transportation in Indonesia.” European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 5(2): 23. http://journals.euser.org/index.php/ejes/article/view/4454 (June 24, 2020).

Fernando, E et al. 2018. “User Behavior Adopt Utilizing Fin Tech Services on Online Transportation in Indonesia (Scale Validation and Developed Instrument).” In 3rd International Conference on Information Management and Technology, ICIMTech 2018, Information Systems Department, Bina Nusantara University, School of Information Systems, Jakarta, 11480, Indonesia: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 114–18. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85058340833&doi=10.1109%2FICIMTech.2018.8528106&partnerID=40&md5=6898edf09f7483ace07d5bafed9dacc9.

Gao, Yuchen, and Jingrui Chen. 2019. “The Risk Reduction and Sustainable Development of Shared Transportation: The Chinese Online Car-Hailing Policy Evaluation in the Digitalization Era.” Sustainability 2019, Vol. 11, Page 2596 11(9): 2596. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/9/2596/htm (October 2, 2021).

Goldfarb, Avi, and Catherine E. Tucker. 2010. “Privacy Regulation and Online Advertising.” http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1100.1246 57(1): 57–71. https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/abs/10.1287/mnsc.1100.1246 (October 2, 2021).

Indrawati, and S Yusliansyah. 2017. “Adoption Factors of Online-Web Railway Ticket Reservation Service (A Case from Indonesia).” In 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology, ICoIC7 2017, Faculty of Economics and Business, Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85039964934&doi=10.1109%2FICoICT.2017.8074709&partnerID=40&md5=261f0e8337d7388cc23169cceaab6083.

Irawan, M Z, P F Belgiawan, T B Joewono, and N I M Simanjuntak. 2020. “Do Motorcycle-Based Ride-Hailing Apps Threaten Bus Ridership? A Hybrid Choice Modeling Approach with Latent Variables.” Public Transport 12(1): 207–31. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85075398624&doi=10.1007%2Fs12469-019-00217-w&partnerID=40&md5=064efae52363f7db1328c7ca9d89daee.

Kaefer, Florian, Juliet Roper, and Paresha Sinha. 2015. “A Software-Assisted Qualitative Content Analysis of News Articles: Example and Reflections.” Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung 16(2).

Kushins, E R, and E Behounek. 2020. “Using Sociological Theory to Problematize Family Business Research.” Journal of Family Business Strategy 11(1). https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85080092108&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jfbs.2020.100337&partnerID=40&md5=d6f47295d193bff9b720dcf36c86d2ba.

Li, S, H Tavafoghi, K Poolla, and P Varaiya. 2019. “Regulating TNCs: Should Uber and Lyft Set Their Own Rules?” Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 129: 193–225. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85072267668&doi=10.1016%2Fj.trb.2019.09.008&partnerID=40&md5=8257764c73534eacbca0250548722502.

Medeiros, R M, F Duarte, F Achmad, and A Jalali. 2018. “Merging ICT and Informal Transport in Jakarta’s Ojek System.” Transportation Planning and Technology 41(3): 336–52. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85041928471&doi=10.1080%2F03081060.2018.1435465&partnerID=40&md5=d842c3aa4c9f24719a230b69e5a30e2e.

Murdi, P B, Supanto, and W T Novianto. 2020. “The Legal Analysis of Use Online Media towards Doctor Consultation in Indonesia.” International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology 29(4): 1538–42. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083046569&partnerID=40&md5=e73b4bfb44454668c993262fb50ad099.

Mutiarin, D et al. 2019. “How Do Government Regulations and Policies Respond to the Growing Online-Enabled Transportation Service (OETS) in Indonesia, the Philippines, and Taiwan?” Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance 21(4): 419–37. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85066062265&doi=10.1108%2FDPRG-01-2019-0001&partnerID=40&md5=8a9c72c343b7aa970962dc346d28cc6c.

Nasution, Abdillah Arif, Keulana Erwin, and Ladislav Bartuska. 2020. “Determinant Study of Conventional Transportation and Online Transportation.” Transportation Research Procedia 44(2019): 276–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2020.02.042.

Osei, A. 2018. “Elite Theory and Political Transitions: Networks of Power in Ghana and Togo.” Comparative Politics 51(1): 21–40.

Pasaribu, J, Badaruddin, H Santosa, and A Purwoko. 2019. “The Effect of Tourism Products and Visits on the Economy of Society in Samosir Regency, Indonesia.” Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 10(8): 1924–33. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85081023256&doi=10.14505%2Fjemt.v10.8%2840%29.22&partnerID=40&md5=90c308459bd72f6b618d2f08b0432608.

Paulus, Trena, Megan Woods, David P. Atkins, and Rob Macklin. 2017. “The Discourse of QDAS: Reporting Practices of ATLAS.Ti and NVivo Users with Implications for Best Practices.” International Journal of Social Research Methodology 20(1): 35–47.

Prakoso, R, Y Ruldeviyani, K F Arisya, and A L Fadhilah. 2020. “Measurement of Information Security Awareness Level: A Case Study of Online Transportation Users.” In 3rd International Seminar on Research of Information Technology and Intelligent Systems, ISRITI 2020, ed. Wibowo F.W. Universitas Indonesia, Faculty of Computer Science, Jakarta, Indonesia: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 170–75. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85100045510&doi=10.1109%2FISRITI51436.2020.9315375&partnerID=40&md5=cd9479f19356f21d1a657de29f25d5a0.

Pratama, Dwita. 2021. “Legal Protection of Passenger on Online Transportation Based on Highway Traffic Act.” Journal of Law and Legal Reform 2(4): 569–90. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jllr/article/view/49351 (October 2, 2021).

Rayle, L et al. 2016. “Just a Better Taxi? A Survey-Based Comparison of Taxis, Transit, and Ridesourcing Services in San Francisco.” Transport Policy 45: 168–78. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84945895393&doi=10.1016%2Fj.tranpol.2015.10.004&partnerID=40&md5=9b4a63f170b8306154fbc807aa084e02.

Rodríguez Bolívar, M P. 2018. “Policy Makers’ Perceptions about Social Media Platforms for Civic Engagement in Public Services. An Empirical Research in Spain.” Public Administration and Information Technology 25: 267–88. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85060127829&doi=10.1007%2F978-3-319-61762-6_12&partnerID=40&md5=d6ecd35bce4178d97f2f9761ae39d4c7.

Sholikah, M et al. 2017. “From Ojek to GO-JEK: The Influence of Social Media Activeness and Indonesian Lifestyle on GO-JEK’S Usage Interest.” Advanced Science Letters 23(8): 7661–65. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85032224147&doi=10.1166%2Fasl.2017.9547&partnerID=40&md5=55c732a8f41f9e7706a358c69854b104.

Siahaan, M, and N Legowo. 2019. “The Citizens Acceptance Factors of Transportation Application Online in Batam: An Adaptation of the Utaut2 Model and Information System Success Model.” Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 97(6): 1666–76. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065473758&partnerID=40&md5=a55c667188982a1c879842d1e5945b65.

Simarmata, J, M R Sitorus, Yuliantini, and D A Arubusman. 2019. “The Factors Influencing Passengers’ Interest in Using Transportation Services.” TEM Journal 8(3): 945–50. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85072750715&doi=10.18421%2FTEM83-36&partnerID=40&md5=23cbe76873957a8961fa6a86621bd2cf.

Sirait, N N, M Reza, A K Ramaiah, and A Suyudi. 2021. “Ride Hailings Apps Enter in Competition with Ojek: Indonesia’s Response to the Impact of Disruptive Innovation.” Perspectives in Law, Business and Innovation: 103–23. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105682669&doi=10.1007%2F978-981-16-0324-2_5&partnerID=40&md5=c5c511ea7f3a836aa86258ccba5055b5.

Siyan, Peter et al. 2015. 3 International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations The Impact of Road Transportation Infrastructure on Economic Growth in Nigeria Transportation Challenges and Solutions View Project Electoral Issues View Project The Impact of Road Transportation Infrastructure on Economic Growth in Nigeria. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333613911 (December 23, 2019).

Snelson, Chareen L. 2016. “Qualitative and Mixed Methods Social Media Research: A Review of the Literature.” International Journal of Qualitative Methods 15(1): 1–15.

Sotiriadou, Popi, Jessie Brouwers, and Tuan Anh Le. 2014. “Choosing a Qualitative Data Analysis Tool: A Comparison of NVivo and Leximancer.” Annals of Leisure Research 17(2): 218–34.

Stanley, J, J Stanley, C Balbontin, and D Hensher. 2019. “Social Exclusion: The Roles of Mobility and Bridging Social Capital in Regional Australia.” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 125: 223–33. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85047528658&doi=10.1016%2Fj.tra.2018.05.015&partnerID=40&md5=8af86d72db6b38ae1c0f047a8538d8a2.

Sultan, M A, R Rofaida, A Ciptagustia, and V Gaffar. 2019. “Quality Improvement Initiatives for Public Transportation Based on a Customers and Service Providers Approach.” African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure 2019(Special Issue): 1–7. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083791888&partnerID=40&md5=92663a29f5e91ee3d4cc045eb788b710.

Sultana, P, and P M Thompson. 2017. “Adaptation or Conflict? Responses to Climate Change in Water Management in Bangladesh.” Environmental Science and Policy 78: 149–56. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85030845658&doi=10.1016%2Fj.envsci.2017.09.011&partnerID=40&md5=ae14b3861f63239809702764efd4092f.

Tedjasaputra, A, and E Sari. 2016. “Sharing Economy in Smart City Transportation Services.” In 2nd Southeast Asia Computer Human Interaction Symposium, SEACHI 2016, UX Indonesia, Australia: Association for Computing Machinery, 32–35. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84973376110&doi=10.1145%2F2898365.2899800&partnerID=40&md5=e6f548dbfaf66bf4ac2f0a8aa1dee3cd.

Utama, D N, S Arrahmani, I Wirahmadayanti, and A Ayuningtias. 2020. “Decision Support Model Based on Fuzzy-Logic Conception in Determining Region - ‘Ojek Online’ Transporter Appropriateness.” International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research 8(5): 1523–28. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085887997&doi=10.30534%2Fijeter%2F2020%2F08852020&partnerID=40&md5=663df4d08a0b31e9838f70964f89e70e.

Wang, J.-C. 2015. “Analysis and evaluation method on taxi booking APP in Beijing.” Jiaotong Yunshu Xitong Gongcheng Yu Xinxi/Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology 15(2): 223–31. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84929250944&partnerID=40&md5=90a4c054a156da913c1c763c29808d73.

Weinreich, D P, S M Reeves, A Sakalker, and S Hamidi. 2020. “Transit in Flex: Examining Service Fragmentation of App-Based, on-Demand Transit Services in Texas.” Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives 5.

Widyanti, A, and S A Qurratu Ainizzamani. 2018. “Usability Evaluation of Online Transportation’ User Interface.” In 4th International Conference on Information Technology Systems and Innovation, ICITSI 2017, Department of Industrial Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 82–86. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85050537450&doi=10.1109%2FICITSI.2017.8331762&partnerID=40&md5=ff5ff368096d08d09b658c9b3e3b926d.

Wijayanto, Ichwan, Imam Bagus Sasami, Rino A Nugroho, and Didik Gunawan Suharto. 2018. “Conflict Resolution of Online Transportation vs Conventional Transportation: A Literature Review.”

Wiryawan, I Wayan Gde. 2020. “Urgency of Employment Protection Regulation for Online Transportation Driver.” Sociological Jurisprudence Journal 3(1): 34–42. https://www.ejournal.warmadewa.ac.id/index.php/sjj/article/view/1319 (October 2, 2021).

Woods, Megan, Trena Paulus, David P. Atkins, and Rob Macklin. 2016. “Advancing Qualitative Research Using Qualitative Data Analysis Software (QDAS)? Reviewing Potential Versus Practice in Published Studies Using ATLAS.Ti and NVivo, 1994–2013.” Social Science Computer Review 34(5): 597–617.

Yuniastuti, Endang, Bambang Shergi Laksmono, and Wahyu Sardjono. 2019. “Initiating Social Protection Scheme in the Sharing Economy Industry (Case of Indonesia Go-Jek Rider).” International Journal of Management 10(5): 128–44.

Zahara, Zakiyah, Elimawaty Rombe, Ngatimun Ngatimun, and Judi Suharsono. 2021. “The Effect of E-Service Quality, Consumer Trust and Social Media Marketing on Intention to Use Online Transportation Services.” International Journal of Data and Network Science 5(3): 471–78.

Zahra, Abitassha Az et al. 2021. “Bibliometric Analysis of Trends in Theory-Related Policy Publications.” Emerging Science Journal 5(1): 96–110. www.ijournalse.org (April 7, 2021).

Zhang, W, and S V Ukkusuri. 2021. “Share-a-Cab: Scalable Clustering Taxi Group Ride Stand from Huge Geolocation Data.” IEEE Access 9: 9771–76. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099545034&doi=10.1109%2FACCESS.2021.3050299&partnerID=40&md5=19b573e62375ec7579ad8ce6ababe26a.

Zuraida, R, H Iridiastadi, and I Z Sutalaksana. 2017. “Indonesian Drivers’ Characteristics Associated with Road Accidents.” International Journal of Technology 8(2): 311–19. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85018436805&doi=10.14716%2Fijtech.v8i2.6148&partnerID=40&md5=5305cda6b9c022813db8e9e8bffef307.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/jgpp.v9i2.12881

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


 

Office: 
Master of Government Affairs and Administration (MIP)
Postgraduate Building 2nd Floor UMY

Phone: +62 274 387 656 (ext: 173)

Jl. Brawijaya, Kasihan, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia

View My Stats

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.