Email this article 
Religious Authority in Islamic Law: A Debate on Conservative and Progressive Methods
Abstract
There are two major competing groups in Islamic jurisprudence, the first is the value-laden scholars’ group who believe that religious authority comes from conservative and collective understanding and the second is the value-free scholars’ group who believe that religious authority comes from progressive and individual understanding. These two groups have contested over the highest authority between collective ijtihad and individual ijtihad in producing Fiqh products. This article aims to discuss a discourse on the contestation between value-laden and value-free. This research is conducted through qualitative method based on case studies. It is also focus on literature review of various primary and secondary sources. We identified and selected many relevant sources that linked very closely to both the substance of the topic as well as to the theories that we used to strengthen the research’s arguments, data analysis, and findings. However, Kuntowijoyo’s theory ‘Islam as Science’ is used as the main tool to construct a new and neutral authority. As a result, this research offers the middle way of Fiqh that can bridge the two major groups, as well as can be used as an alternative discourse to construct a new, moderate, and neutral meaning.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdullah, Muhammad, and Muhammad Junaid Nadvi. “Understanding the Principles of Islamic World-View.” Dialogue (Pakistan) 6, no. 3 (2011).
Abou El Fadl, Khaled. “The Islamic Legal Tradition.” The Cambridge Companion to Comparative Law, edited by Mauro Bussani and Ugo Mattei. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012: 295–312.
Akbar, Ali. “Abdolkarim Soroush’s Approach to ‘Experience’ as a Basis for His Reform Project,” Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations 28, no. 3 (2017): 313–31.
Al-Attas, Syed Muhammad Naquib. “Islamic Philosophy: An Introduction.” Journal of Islamic Philosophy 1, no. 1 (2005): 11–43. https://doi.org/10.5840/islamicphil2005113
Al-Attas, Syed Muhammad Naquib. Prolegomena to the Metaphysics of Islam. Penerbit UTM Press, 2014.
Auda, Jasser. “Maqasid Al-Shariah: An Introductory Guide.” Herndon: International Institute of Islamic Thought,(IIIT), 2008. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvkc67c6
Baiquni, Achmad. Alquran, Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi. Yogyakarta: PT. Dana Bhakti Prima Yasa, 1996.
Berghout, Abdelaziz. “Toward an Islamic Framework for Worldview Studies: Preliminary Theorization.” The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 24, no. 2 (2009): 22–43. https://doi.org/10.35632/ajiss.v24i2.419
Fadli, Muhammad. “Interpretasi Khaira Ummah Surah ‘Ali ‘Imran Ayat 110 (Studi Analisis Pemikiran Kuntowijoyo Tentang Sosial Profetik).” UIN Raden Fatah Palembang, 2022.
Farah, Naila. “Pemikiran Kelompok Tradisionalis dan Modernis.” JURNAL YAQZHAN: Analisis Filsafat, Agama Dan Kemanusiaan 5, no. 2 (2019): 31–46. https://doi.org/10.24235/jy.v5i2.5670
Fletcher, Charles D. “The Methodology of Abdolkarim Soroush: A Preliminary Study.” Islamic Studies 44, no. 4 (2005): 527–52.
Fuad, Ai Fatimah Nur. “Modernity and The Islamists Notion of Active Da’wa.” Afkaruna: Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Studies 15, no. 2 (2019): 187–202. https://doi.org/10.18196/aiijis.2019.0102.187-202
Fuad, Ai Fatimah Nur. “Female Religious Authority among Tarbiyah Communities in Contemporary Indonesia,” Archipel, no. 102 (2021): 187–207. https://doi.org/10.4000/archipel.2657
Graham, William A. “Traditionalism in Islam: An Essay in Interpretation.” The Journal of Interdisciplinary History 23, no. 3 (1993): 495–522. https://doi.org/10.2307/206100
Gunawan, Imam. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif: Teori dan Praktik. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 2022.
Hadi, Muhammad Yusran. “Mazhab Fiqh dalam Pandangan Syariat Islam (Mengkritisi Pendapat Mewajibkan Satu Mazhab).”Dusturiyah: Jurnal Hukum Islam, Perundang-Undangan dan Pranata Sosial 7, no. 2 (2018). https://doi.org/10.22373/dusturiyah.v7i2.3256
Hamang, M Nasri. “Sistem Ijtihad dalam Hukum Islam (Metodologi Pembaruan Ibnu Taimiyah).” DIKTUM: Jurnal Syariah Dan Hukum 8, no. 1 (2010): 37–46.
Hanafi, Hassan. Studi Filsafat 2: Pembacaan Atas Tradisi Barat Modern. Yogyakarta: LKIS Pelangi aksara, 2015.
Has, Abd Wafi. “Ijtihad Sebagai Alat Pemecahan Masalah Umat Islam.” IAIN Tulungagung Research Collections 8, no. 1 (2013): 89–112.
Hasan, Abi. “Ijtihad Tidak Membatalkan Ijtihad Yang Lain.” Bidayah: Studi Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman 27 (2018): 1–12.
Huda, Khoirul. “Fenomena Pergeseran Konflik Pemikiran Islam Dari Tradisionalis Vs Modernis Ke Fundamentalis Vs Liberalis.” ISLAMICA: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 3, no. 2 (2009): 20–42.
Imron, Ali. “Pemaknaan Hadis-Hadis Hisab-Rukyat Muhammadiyah dan Kontroversi yang Melingkupinya.” Jurnal Studi Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Hadis 15, no. 1 (2014): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.14421/qh.2014.1501-01
Ishak, Ajub. “Daya Serap Lembaga-Lembaga Fatwa di Indonesia Terhadap Masalah Hukum Kontemporer.” Al-Mizan (e-Journal) 11, no. 1 (2015): 102–18. https://doi.org/10.30603/am.v11i1.992
Kamali, Mohammad Hashim. “Moderation in Fatwa and Ijtihad: Juristic and Historical Perspectives.” Islamic Civilisational Renewal 7, no. 3 (2016). , https://doi.org/10.52282/icr.v7i3.246
Kamaluddin, Safrudin Halimy et al., “The Characteristic of Popular Schools Madhab Change and Renewal in the Islamic World,” Al-’Adalah: Jurnal Syariah Dan Hukum Islam 6, no. 2 (2021): 316–35.
Karimuddin, Muhammad Zuhdi. “Kedudukan Mazhab, Taklid dan Ijtihad dalam Islam.” Al-Qadha: Jurnal Hukum Islam Dan Perundang-Undangan 6, no. 1 (2019): 55–65. , https://doi.org/10.32505/qadha.v6i1.1291
Khasanah, Uswatul, and Muhammad Rosyid Ridho. “Childfree Perspektif Hak Reproduksi Perempuan dalam Islam.” Al-Syakhsiyyah: Journal of Law & Family Studies 3, no. 2 (2021): 104–28. , https://doi.org/10.21154/syakhsiyyah.v3i2.3454
Khon, Abdul Majid. “Paham Ingkar Sunah Di Indonesia (Studi Tentang Pemikirannya),” Jurnal Theologia 23, no. 1 (2017): 57–74. https://doi.org/10.21580/teo.2012.23.1.1759
Kuntowijoyo. Identitas Politik Umat Islam. ATF Press, 1997.
Kuntowijoyo. Islam Sebagai Ilmu : Epistemologi, Metodologi, dan Etika. 2nd ed. Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana, 2006.
Kuntowijoyo. “Muslim Tanpa Masjid: Esai-Esai Agama.” in Budaya, dan Politik dalam Bingkai Strukturalisme Transendental. Bandung: Mizan, 2001.
Mas’udah Al Mas’udah, Al. “Agama dan Pemikiran Keagamaan (Membedah Teori Abdulkarim Soroush Tentang Qabdh Wa Bast).” Jurnal Al Himayah 2, no. 1 (2018): 1–16.
Mudin, Moh Isom and Andin Desnafitri, “Al-Attas on Intellect and Its Relevance to the Islamization of Knowledge; Sufism Philosophical Approach,” KHATULISTIWA: Journal of Islamic Studies. 9, no. 2 (2019): 5–19. https://doi.org/10.24260/khatulistiwa.v9i2.1479
Mulyadi, Sukidi. “The Gradual Qur’ān: Views of Early Muslim Commentators.” Harvard University, 2019.
Muzakir, Muzakir. “Periodisasi Fiqh (Perbandingan Fiqh Dari Masa Rasul SAW Sampai Modern).” Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura 7, no. 1 (2018): 25–41. https://doi.org/10.22373/jiif.v7i1.3054
Rahmat, Aulia, and Amin Abdullah. “Abdulkarim Soroush: Hermeneutika Epistemologis dalam Evolusi Pemahaman Keagamaan.” in Paper Filsafat Ilmu. Yogyakarta: Universitas Islam Indonesia, 2020.
Rahmatullah, Arif, Syamsul Hidayat, and Muh Nur Rochim Maksum, “The Urgence of Values in Islamic Education (Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas Thought Study),” TSAQAFAH 18, no. 2 (2022): 315–34. https://doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v18i2.8249
Regus, Maksimus. “Islam and the Making of a Non-Violent and Peaceful Public Sphere in Indonesia.” Afkaruna: Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Studies 18, no. 2 (2022). https://doi.org/10.18196/afkaruna.v18i2.14580
Rijal, Puad. 'Hisab dan Rukyat Menurut Nahdlatul Ulama dan Muhamadiyyah dalam Penetapan Awal Bulan Qamariyah'. Diploma Thesis., UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, 2019.
Said, Edward W. “Orientalism.” The Georgia Review 31, no. 1 (1977): 162–206.
Saleh. “Khawarij; Sejarah dan Perkembangannya.” El-Afkar: Jurnal Pemikiran Keislaman Dan Tafsir Hadis 7, no. 2 (2018): 25–34. https://doi.org/10.29300/jpkth.v7i2.1597
Saputra, Irwansyah. “Perkembangan Ushul Fiqh.” Jurnal Syariah Hukum Islam 1, no. 1 (2018): 38–49.
Shihab, M Quraish. Kaidah Tafsir. Tangerang: Lentera Hati, 2013.
Soroush, Abdolkarim. Reason, Freedom, and Democracy in Islam: Essential Writings of Abdolkarim Soroush. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Sufyan, Abu, and Irwan Irwan. “Agama VS Ilmu Agama: Sebuah Pembacaan Teori Epistemologis Abdul Karim Soroush.” TAJDID: Jurnal Pemikiran Keislaman Dan Kemanusiaan 6, no. 1 (2022): 14–21. https://doi.org/10.52266/tadjid.v6i1.734
Sulaiman, Akhmad, and Nur Ikhlas. “Objektifikasi Qisas dan Diyat: Sebuah Tawaran Pembaharuan KUHP.” Al-Ahkam Jurnal Ilmu Syari’ah Dan Hukum 3, no. 1 (2018): 69–84. https://doi.org/10.22515/alahkam.v3i1.1339
Syarifudin, H Amir. Ushul Fiqih Jilid II. Vol. 2. Prenada Media, 2014.
Tadjbakhsh, Shahrbanou. “International Relations Theory and the Islamic Worldview.” in Non-Western International Relations Theory, 184–206. Routledge, 2009.
Takdir, Mohammad. “Contestation and the Roles of Islam in the Public Sphere: A Sociological Analysis of Religious Secularization in Indonesia and the West.” Afkaruna: Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Studies 16, no. 2 (2020): 154–74. https://doi.org/10.18196/aiijis.2020.0119.154-174
Vogel, Frank. “Closing of the Door of Ijtihad and the Application of the Law.” American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 10 (2017). https://doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v10i3.2494
Wijaya, Abdi. “Daya Serap Lembaga-Lembaga Fatwa Terhadap Masalah-Masalah Hukum Kontemporer: Studi Komparatif Lembaga Fatwa MUI, Majelis Tarjih Muhammadiyah dan Bahtsul Masail NU.” Mazahibuna: Jurnal Perbandingan Mazhab 1 no. 2 (2019).
Yusliani, Hamdi. “Pintu Ijtihad Tertutupkah?” Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura 6, no. 2 (2018): 37–50. https://doi.org/10.22373/jiif.v6i2.3044
Yusuf, Yunan. Alam Pikiran Islam Pemikiran Kalam. Prenada Media, 2016.
Zahrah, Muḥammad Abū. Ushul Fiqh. Jakarta: Pustaka Firdaus collaboration with Perhimpunan Pengembangan Pesantren dan Masyarakat (P3M), 1994.
Zuhroni. “Studi Komparasi Metodologi Penetapan Hukum Islam Lembaga-Lembaga Fatwa di Indonesia.” ADIL: Jurnal Hukum 3, no. 1 (2012): 46–7.https://doi.org/10.33476/ajl.v3i1.834
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/afkaruna.v19i1.18507
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2023 Afkaruna: Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Studies
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Afkaruna: Indonesian Interdiciplinary Journal of Islamic Studies indexed by:
1.png)
