Peace and Violence in Islam: An overview of Some Muslim Perspectives

MEGA HIDAYATI

doi:10.18196/aiijis.2016.0056.95-113

Authors

MEGA HIDAYATI Mentality, being perception, value of knowleledge, soul

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18196/aiijis.2016.0056.95-113

Keywords:

duty, interpretation, jihad, spirit of the Qur’an, issue of violence

Abstract

The issue of violence has always been existent in world religions including Islam. The image of Islam as a violent religion has been described in various media espe-cially in the case of terrorism. This phenomenon leads to questions on how issues of violence are conveyed in Islamic teachings and how they have been understood differently by Muslims. This article aims to answer such questions by discussing the duty of Muslims, jihad, spirit of the Qur’an, and interpretation issues. The writing found that overgeneralization of a particular case in Qur’anic stories occurred; differences in interpretation are caused by the limitation of human beings in viewing their present reality and the reality of the past; issues of violence in the Qur’an are inevitable since the Qur’an was revealed at a time of extensive violence throughout human life, while the spirit of Islam is in creating peace among fellow human being; and a number of Muslims regard the prophet Muhammad’s life time as the pinnacle of Islamic civilization. These findings lead to the conclusion that issues of violence in Islamic teachings are always interpreted differently in a variety of manners.

References

Abu-Nimer, Mohammad. 2006. “Framework for Nonviolence and Peacebuilding in Islam”. Dalam Contemporary Islam: Dynamic, not Static. London and New York: Routledge.

Al-Asymawy, Muhammad Sa’id. 2004. Menentang Islam Politik. Bandung: Alifya. Al Azzam, Abdullah. 2007. “Join the Caravan.” Dalam John J. Donohue and John

L. Esposito (Eds.). Islam in Transition: Muslim Persepective. Oxford: Oxford Uni-versity Press.

Al Din, Shaikh Muhammad Mahdi Shams. 2007. “On the Political Utility of Using Armed Violence.” Dalam John J. Donohue and John L. Esposito (Eds.). Islam in Transition: Muslim Persepective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Al Faraq, Muhammad Abdel Salam. 2007. “The Forgotten Duty.” Dalam John J. Donohue and John L. Esposito (eds.). Islam in Transition: Muslim Persepective.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.

An Naim, Abdullahi. 2007. “Kita Suka Menyalahkan Orang.” Wawancara Tempo. 6-12 Augustus.

Al Qaradhawi, Yusuf. 2007. “Fatwas: Suicide Bombings and Martyrdom.” Dalam John J. Donohue and John L. Esposito (Eds). Islam in Transition: Muslim Persepective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Bin Laden, Osama. 2007. “Text of Fatwa Urging Jihad against Americans (1998).” Dalam John J. Donohue and John L. Esposito (Ed.). Islam in Transition: Muslim Persepective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

El Fadl, Khaled Abou. 2007. “Islam and Violence: Our Forgotten Legacy.” Dalam John J. Donohue and John L. Esposito (Ed.). Islam in Transition: Muslim Persepective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Esposito, John L. 2005. Dalam Idi Subandy Ibrahim (Ed.) Media dan Citra Muslim: Dari Spiritualitas Untuk Berperang Menuju Spiritualitas Untuk Berdialog. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.

Fadlalah, Sayyid Muhammad Husain. 2007. “We Must Think Before We Act; September 11 Was a Gift to the U.S Administration.” Dalam John J. Donohue and John L. Esposito (Eds.). Islam in Transition: Muslim Persepective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Fakhry, Majid (Trans.). 2000. An Interpretation of the Qur’an: English translation of the Meanings a Bilingual edition. New York: New York University Press.

“Fatwa: Jihad,” Dalam John J. Donohue and John L. Esposito (Ed.). 2007. Islam in Transition: Muslim Persepective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Habeck, Mary R. 2006. Knowing the Enemy: Jihadist Ideology and the War on Terror.

New Haven & London: Yale University Press.

Jackson, Sherman. 2007. “Jihad and the Modern World.” Dalam John J. Donohue and John L. Esposito (Ed.). Islam in Transition: Muslim Persepective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Juergensmeyer, Mark. 2000. Terror in the Mind of God: the Global Rise of Religious Violence. Barkerly/Los Angeles/London: University of California Press.

Moosa, Ebrahim. 2000. “Preface” Dalam Fazlur Rahman Gelombang Perubahan dalam Islam: Studi tentang fundamentalisme Islam. Jakarta: PT. Rajagrafindo Persada.

Mostafa, Nadia Mahmoud. 2006. “The Missing Logic in Discourses of Violence and Peace in Islam: the Necessities of a Middle View after the 11th of September 2001.” Dalam Contemporary Islam: Dynamic, Not Static. London and New York: Routledge.

Qutb, Sayyid. 2007. “Jihad in the Cause of God.” Dalam John J. Donohue and John L. Esposito (Ed.). Islam in Transition: Muslim Persepective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Rahman, Fazlur. 1982. Islam and Modernity: Transformation of an Intellectual Tradi-tion. Chicago London: University of Chicago Press.

Rauf, Feisal Abdul. 2008. “Pengertian terhadap Islam Membaik.” Wawancara Tempo. 31 Desember 2007- Januari 6 2008.

Saritoprak, Zeki. 2005. “An Islamic Approach to Peace and Nonviolence: A Turk-ish Experience,” the Muslim World. Vol. 95. July.

Troger, Karl-Wolfgang. 1990. “Peace and Islam: in theory and practice.” I.C.M.R Vol.1 No.1.

Woods, Timothy J. 2006. “Islam, Peace and the Quest for Justice.”Theology. vol. 109.