Persahabatan Penjajah dan Bangsa Jajahan di Hindia Belanda: C. Snouck Hurgronje dan Haji Hasan Mustapa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18196/afkaruna.v12i2.2788Keywords:
Snouck, Mustapa, friendship, colonizer, colonyAbstract
This study aims to analyze the friendship between the colonizer with the colony in the Dutch East Indies. The study focuses on a number of works and letters of Haji Hasan Mustapa to C. Snouck Hurgronje. Mustapa was the Hoofd penghulu (Chief-penghulu) of Aceh and Bandung. He is a close friend of Snouck since his first met in Mecca in 1885. Through the social-intellectual history approach, the study tries to explain their closeness which are no longer merely a relationship between employer and employee, but has penetrated deeply into the true brother- hood and kinship ties. Snouck who representated as a colonial master looked Mustapa as a figure who has unique talent and character which achieve high knowledge about Islamic law and Sundanese customs. Instead, Mustapa looked Snouck as his close friends who have a commitment to defend each other. Mustapa shed his impression and expectation to meet him again someday in his letters. Mustapa often shed tears when remembering the time of togetherness that will not be forgotten throughout his life. It is an interplay friendship that have never imagined in shaping the face of colonialism in Indonesia, which its influence cannot be ignored until now.
References
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Carvalho, Christina. 2010. Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje: Biography and Perception,
MA Thesis, Universiteit van Amsterdam.
Drewes, G. 1957. “Snouck Hurgronje and the Study of Islam,” Bijdragen tot de Taal, Land- en Volkenkunde 113, no: 1, Leiden, 1-15.
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Hisyam, Muhamad. 2001. Caught between Three Fires: The Javanese Pangulu under The Dutch Colonial Administration 1882-1942, Jakarta: INIS.
Hurgronje, C. Snouck. 1906. The Achehnese, 2 Volumes, Leiden: Brill.
. 2007. Mekka in the Latter Part of the 19th Century, trans. J.H. Monahan with an introduction by Jan Just Witkam Leiden: Brill.
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. , 1916, Boekoe Leutik Djadi Pertelaan Adatna Djalma2 di Pasoendan, Lembana Wignjadisastra, Administratrice Tjahaja Pasoendan Bandoeng.
. , 1946, Over de Gewoonten en Gebruiken der Soendaneezen, uit het Soendaasch vertaald en van aanteekeningen voorzien door R.A. Kern, S-G Ravenhage, Martinus Nijhoff.
_____. 1911-1923. Arabic Letters from Bandung (Correspondence with Snouck Hurgronje), Cod. Or. 18.097, UB Leiden University.
. Arabic Letters from Bandung (Correspondence with Snouck Hurgronje), 1911- 1923, Cod. Or. 8952, 13 September 1912, UB Leiden University.
. Arabic Letters from Bandung (Correspondence with Snouck Hurgronje), 1911- 1923, Cod. Or. 8952, 29 Maret 1912, UB Leiden University.
. Arabic Letters from Bandung (Correspondence with Snouck Hurgronje), 1911- 1923, Cod. Or. 8952, 1 Januari 1911, UB Leiden University.
. Arabic Letters from Bandung (Correspondence with Snouck Hurgronje), 1911- 1923, Cod. Or. 8952, 23 Februari 1911, UB Leiden University.
. Arabic Letters from Bandung (Correspondence with Snouck Hurgronje), 1911- 1923, Cod. Or. 8952, 27 Januari 1912, UB Leiden University.
. Arabic Letters from Bandung (Correspondence with Snouck Hurgronje), 1911- 1923, Cod. Or. 8952, 29 Maret 1912, UB Leiden University.
. Arabic Letters from Bandung (Correspondence with Snouck Hurgronje), 1911- 1923, Cod. Or. 8952, 13 September 1912, UB Leiden University.
. Arabic Letters from Bandung (Correspondence with Snouck Hurgronje), 1911- 1923, Cod. Or. 8952, 25 Oktober 1913, UB Leiden University.
. Arabic Letters from Bandung (Correspondence with Snouck Hurgronje), 1911- 1923, Cod. Or. 8952, 12 Agustus 1915, UB Leiden University.
. Arabic Letters from Bandung (Correspondence with Snouck Hurgronje), 1911- 1923, Cod. Or. 8952, 6 Mei 1916, UB Leiden University.
. Arabic Letters from Bandung (Correspondence with Snouck Hurgronje), 1911- 1923, Cod. Or. 8952, 21 Juli 1917, UB Leiden University.
. Arabic Letters from Bandung (Correspondence with Snouck Hurgronje), 1911- 1923, Cod. Or. 8952, 21 September 1907, UB Leiden University.
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. , 1985, Adat Istiadat Sunda, penerjemah M. Maryati Sastrawijaya, Bandung:
P.T. Alumni.
Noer, Deliar. 1996. Gerakan Moderen Islam di Indonesia 1900-1942, Jakarta: LP3ES, cet. ke-8.
Pedersen, Johannes. 1957. The Scientific Work of Snouck Hurgronje, (Leiden). Rosidi, Ajip. 1989. Haji Hasan Mustapa jeung Karya-karyana, Bandung: Pustaka.
. 2010. Mencari Sosok Manusia Sunda, Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya. Said, Edward. 1977. Orientalism, London: Penguin.
Steenbrink, Karel. 1995. Kawan dalam Pertikaian: Kaum Kolonial Belanda dan Is- lam di Indonesia 1596-1942, terj. Suryan A Jamrah, Bandung: Mizan.
Suminto, Aqib. 1996. Politik Islam Hindia Belanda, Jakarta: LP3ES, cet. ke-3. van der Maaten, K. 1948. Snouck Hurgronje en de Atjeh Oorlog, Leiden, 2 Jilid. van Dijk, Kees. 2010. “The Elitist Premises of Snouck Hurgronje’s Association
Fantasy,” Studia Islamika, Vol. 17, No. 3, 407-40.
van Koningsveld, P.Sj. 1990. “Pengantar: Nasihat-nasihat Snouck sebagai Sumber Sejarah Zaman Penjajahan,” dalam E. Gobee dan C. Adriaanse, Nasihat-nasihat
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. 1989. Snouck Hurgronje dan Islam, Delapan Karangan tentang Hidup dan Karya Seorang Orientalis Zaman Kolonial, Bandung: Girimukti Pasaka.
van Niel, Robert. 1957. “Notes Christian Snouck Hurgronje In Memory of the Centennial of His Birth,” The Journal of Asian Studies (pre-1986), vol. 6, No. 4. van Ronkel, PH. S. 1942. “Aanteekeningen over Islam en Folklore in West-en
Midden Java,” Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, 101: 311-339.
van ‘T Veer, Paul. 1985. Perang Aceh, Kisah Kegagalan Snouck Hurgronje, terj.
Grafitipers, Jakarta: Grafiti Pers.
Vrolijk, Arnoud. 2015. “Appearances Belie: A Mecca-Centred World Map and a Snouck Hurgronje Photograph from the Leiden University Collections,” dalam Luitgard Mols & Marjo Buitelaar eds., Hajj Global Interactions through Pilgrim- age, Sidestone Press, 213-28.
Witkam, Jan Just. 2007. “Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje. A tour d’horizon of his life and work’, in Arnoud Vrolijk & Hans van de Velde, Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (1857-1936), Orientalist, Leiden: Leiden University Library.
. 2012. “Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje,” dalam Coeli Fitzpatrick & Dwayne
A. Tunstall (ed.), Orientalist Writers, Dictionary of Literary Biography, vol. 366, Detroit, etc.: Gale.
Wertheim, Willem Frederick. 1972. “Counterinsurgency Research at the Turn of the Century: Snouck Hurgronje and the Acheh War,” Sosiologische Gidz, 19: 320-328.
Ali, Mufti. 2004. “A Study of Hasan Mustafa’s Fatwa: It is Incumbent upon the Indonesian Muslims to be Loyal to the Dutch East Indies Government,” Jour- nal of the Pakistan Historical Society, Vol. 52 Issue 2, 91–122.
Azra, Azyumardi. 1995. “Hadhrami Scholars in the Malay-Indonesian Diaspora: A Preliminary Study of Sayyid Uthman,” Studia Islamika, Vol. 2, Number 2. Benda, Harry J. 1958. “Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje and the Foundations of Dutch Islamic Policy in Indonesia,” The Journal of Modern History, Vol. 30,
No. 4.
. 1980. Bulan Sabit dan Matahari Terbit, terj. Daniel Dhakidae, Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya.
Brugman, J. 1989. “Snouck Hurgronje’s study of Islamic law,” dalam W. Otterspeer (ed.), Leiden Oriental Collections 1850-1940, Leiden: E.J. Brill/Universitaire Pers Leiden: 82-93.
Burhanudin, Jajat. 2012. Ulama & Kekuasaan: Pergumulan Elite Muslim dalam Sejarah Indonesia, Bandung: Mizan.
. 2014. “The Dutch Colonial Policy on Islam: Reading the Intellectual Journey of Snouck Hurgronje,” Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies, Vol. 52, no. 1, doi: 10.14421/ajis.2014.521.25-58.
Carey, Peter. 2008. The Power of Prophecy, Prince Dipanagara and the End of an Old Order in Java, 1785-1855, Leiden: KITLV Press.
Carvalho, Christina. 2010. Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje: Biography and Perception,
MA Thesis, Universiteit van Amsterdam.
Drewes, G. 1957. “Snouck Hurgronje and the Study of Islam,” Bijdragen tot de Taal, Land- en Volkenkunde 113, no: 1, Leiden, 1-15.
Ekadjati, Edi S. 1988. Naskah Sunda: Inventarisasi dan Pencatatan, Bandung: Lembaga Penelitian Unpad-The Toyota Foundation.
Florida, Nancy K. 1995. Writing the Past, Inscribing the Future: History as Prophecy in Colonial Java, Durham and London: Duke University Press.
Fogg, Kevin W. 2014. “Seeking Arabs but Looking at Indonesians: Snouck Hurgronje’s Arab Lens on the Dutch East Indies,” Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia), Vol. 8, No. 1.
Hisyam, Muhamad. 2001. Caught between Three Fires: The Javanese Pangulu under The Dutch Colonial Administration 1882-1942, Jakarta: INIS.
Hurgronje, C. Snouck. 1906. The Achehnese, 2 Volumes, Leiden: Brill.
. 2007. Mekka in the Latter Part of the 19th Century, trans. J.H. Monahan with an introduction by Jan Just Witkam Leiden: Brill.
Isma’il, Ibnu Qoyim. 1997. Kiai Penghulu Jawa Peranannya di Masa Kolonial, Jakarta: GIP.
Jahroni, Jajang. 1999. “The Life and Mystical Thought of Haji Hasan Mustafa (1852-1930),” Thesis, Leiden University.
Jung, Dietrich. 2010. “Islam as a Problem: Dutch Religious Politics in the East Indies,” Review of Religious Research, Vol. 51: 3, 288-31.
Kaptein, Nico. 1997. “Sayyid Uthman On the Legal Validity of Documentary Evidence,” Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 153, no: 1, Leiden, 85- 102.
. 2008. “Grateful to the Dutch Government, Sayyid Uthman and Sarekat Islam in 1913,” dalam Anthony Reid dan Michael Gilsenan ed., Islamic Legiti- macy in a Plural Asia, New York: Routledge: 98-116.
Kartodirdjo, Sartono. 1984. Pemberontakan Petani di Banten 1888, Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya.
Laffan, Michael F. 1999. “Raden Aboe Bakar, An Introductory Note Concern- ing Snouck Hurgronje’s Informant in Jeddah (1884-1912),” Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, 155, No: 4, Leiden.
. 2003. Islamic Nationhood and Colonial Indonesia, The Umma below the Winds,
London-New York: Routledge Curzon.
_____. 2008. “New Turn to Mecca,” Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Mediterrranee [online] 124, Online since 09 December 2011, connection on 21 April 2013. URL: http://remmm.revues.org/6022
. 2011. The Makings of Indonesian Islam, Orientalism and the Narration of a Sufi Past, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Lubis, Nina H. 1998. Kehidupan Menak Priangan 1800-1942, Bandung: Pusat Informasi Kebudayaan Sunda.
Missbach, Antje. 2010. “The Aceh War (1873-1913) and the Influence of Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje,” Aceh: History, Politics and Culture. Ed. Arndt
Graf, Susanne Schroter, and Edwin Wieringa. Singapore: Institute of South- east Asian Studies, 39-62.
Moestapa, Haji Hasan. 1913. Bab Adat2 Oerang Priangan Djeung Oerang Soenda Lian ti Eta, Ditjitakna di kantor tjitak Kangdjeng Goepernemen di nagara Batawi.
. , 1916, Boekoe Leutik Djadi Pertelaan Adatna Djalma2 di Pasoendan, Lembana Wignjadisastra, Administratrice Tjahaja Pasoendan Bandoeng.
. , 1946, Over de Gewoonten en Gebruiken der Soendaneezen, uit het Soendaasch vertaald en van aanteekeningen voorzien door R.A. Kern, S-G Ravenhage, Martinus Nijhoff.
_____. 1911-1923. Arabic Letters from Bandung (Correspondence with Snouck Hurgronje), Cod. Or. 18.097, UB Leiden University.
. Arabic Letters from Bandung (Correspondence with Snouck Hurgronje), 1911- 1923, Cod. Or. 8952, 13 September 1912, UB Leiden University.
. Arabic Letters from Bandung (Correspondence with Snouck Hurgronje), 1911- 1923, Cod. Or. 8952, 29 Maret 1912, UB Leiden University.
. Arabic Letters from Bandung (Correspondence with Snouck Hurgronje), 1911- 1923, Cod. Or. 8952, 1 Januari 1911, UB Leiden University.
. Arabic Letters from Bandung (Correspondence with Snouck Hurgronje), 1911- 1923, Cod. Or. 8952, 23 Februari 1911, UB Leiden University.
. Arabic Letters from Bandung (Correspondence with Snouck Hurgronje), 1911- 1923, Cod. Or. 8952, 27 Januari 1912, UB Leiden University.
. Arabic Letters from Bandung (Correspondence with Snouck Hurgronje), 1911- 1923, Cod. Or. 8952, 29 Maret 1912, UB Leiden University.
. Arabic Letters from Bandung (Correspondence with Snouck Hurgronje), 1911- 1923, Cod. Or. 8952, 13 September 1912, UB Leiden University.
. Arabic Letters from Bandung (Correspondence with Snouck Hurgronje), 1911- 1923, Cod. Or. 8952, 25 Oktober 1913, UB Leiden University.
. Arabic Letters from Bandung (Correspondence with Snouck Hurgronje), 1911- 1923, Cod. Or. 8952, 12 Agustus 1915, UB Leiden University.
. Arabic Letters from Bandung (Correspondence with Snouck Hurgronje), 1911- 1923, Cod. Or. 8952, 6 Mei 1916, UB Leiden University.
. Arabic Letters from Bandung (Correspondence with Snouck Hurgronje), 1911- 1923, Cod. Or. 8952, 21 Juli 1917, UB Leiden University.
. Arabic Letters from Bandung (Correspondence with Snouck Hurgronje), 1911- 1923, Cod. Or. 8952, 21 September 1907, UB Leiden University.
Moriyama, Mikihiro. 2005. Semangat Baru: Kolonialisme, Budaya Cetak dan Kesastraan Sunda Abad ke-19, terj. Suryadi, Jakarta: KPG.
Mustapa, Haji Hasan. 1976. Gendingan Dangding Sunda Birahi Katut Wirahmana Djilid A, Bandung: Jajasan Kudjang.
. , 1985, Adat Istiadat Sunda, penerjemah M. Maryati Sastrawijaya, Bandung:
P.T. Alumni.
Noer, Deliar. 1996. Gerakan Moderen Islam di Indonesia 1900-1942, Jakarta: LP3ES, cet. ke-8.
Pedersen, Johannes. 1957. The Scientific Work of Snouck Hurgronje, (Leiden). Rosidi, Ajip. 1989. Haji Hasan Mustapa jeung Karya-karyana, Bandung: Pustaka.
. 2010. Mencari Sosok Manusia Sunda, Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya. Said, Edward. 1977. Orientalism, London: Penguin.
Steenbrink, Karel. 1995. Kawan dalam Pertikaian: Kaum Kolonial Belanda dan Is- lam di Indonesia 1596-1942, terj. Suryan A Jamrah, Bandung: Mizan.
Suminto, Aqib. 1996. Politik Islam Hindia Belanda, Jakarta: LP3ES, cet. ke-3. van der Maaten, K. 1948. Snouck Hurgronje en de Atjeh Oorlog, Leiden, 2 Jilid. van Dijk, Kees. 2010. “The Elitist Premises of Snouck Hurgronje’s Association
Fantasy,” Studia Islamika, Vol. 17, No. 3, 407-40.
van Koningsveld, P.Sj. 1990. “Pengantar: Nasihat-nasihat Snouck sebagai Sumber Sejarah Zaman Penjajahan,” dalam E. Gobee dan C. Adriaanse, Nasihat-nasihat
C. Snouck Hurgronje Semasa Kepegawaiannya kepada Pemerintahan Hindia Belanda 1889-1936, Seri Khusus INIS Jilid 1, terj. Sukarsi, Jakarta: INIS.
. 1989. Snouck Hurgronje dan Islam, Delapan Karangan tentang Hidup dan Karya Seorang Orientalis Zaman Kolonial, Bandung: Girimukti Pasaka.
van Niel, Robert. 1957. “Notes Christian Snouck Hurgronje In Memory of the Centennial of His Birth,” The Journal of Asian Studies (pre-1986), vol. 6, No. 4. van Ronkel, PH. S. 1942. “Aanteekeningen over Islam en Folklore in West-en
Midden Java,” Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, 101: 311-339.
van ‘T Veer, Paul. 1985. Perang Aceh, Kisah Kegagalan Snouck Hurgronje, terj.
Grafitipers, Jakarta: Grafiti Pers.
Vrolijk, Arnoud. 2015. “Appearances Belie: A Mecca-Centred World Map and a Snouck Hurgronje Photograph from the Leiden University Collections,” dalam Luitgard Mols & Marjo Buitelaar eds., Hajj Global Interactions through Pilgrim- age, Sidestone Press, 213-28.
Witkam, Jan Just. 2007. “Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje. A tour d’horizon of his life and work’, in Arnoud Vrolijk & Hans van de Velde, Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (1857-1936), Orientalist, Leiden: Leiden University Library.
. 2012. “Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje,” dalam Coeli Fitzpatrick & Dwayne
A. Tunstall (ed.), Orientalist Writers, Dictionary of Literary Biography, vol. 366, Detroit, etc.: Gale.
Wertheim, Willem Frederick. 1972. “Counterinsurgency Research at the Turn of the Century: Snouck Hurgronje and the Acheh War,” Sosiologische Gidz, 19: 320-328.
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Published
2016-12-27
How to Cite
ROHMANA, J. A. (2016). Persahabatan Penjajah dan Bangsa Jajahan di Hindia Belanda: C. Snouck Hurgronje dan Haji Hasan Mustapa. Afkaruna: Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Studies, 12(2), 144–168. https://doi.org/10.18196/afkaruna.v12i2.2788
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