Do others comprehensive income, profit, and equity attributable impact external audit fee?

Marhaendra Kusuma, Sri Luayyi

Abstract


Research aims: Fair value accounting, fairness, and transparency are the basis for other comprehensive income (OCI), profit, and equity attributable. This research aims to analyze the impact of adding this information on external audit fees, considering that the content of financial reports becomes more extensive with a longer format.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This study tested the influence of aggregate OCI, OCI to be reclassified, profit and equity attributable, and control variables (size, ROA, leverage, period, type of industry) on audit fees in 238 companies registered on IDX in all business sectors for the 2015-2021 period with data 1,666 observations.
Research findings: Additional information on OCI, profits, and equity attributable has been proven to influence external audit fees because the inherent properties of OCI, such as the level of management subjectivity, sensitivity to externals, high volatility and exposure, as well as the complexity of the holding company reflecting the attribution value, could increase audit work and audit risk in assessing the fairness of OCI presentation and attribution.
Theoretical contribution/ Originality: This study provides empirical evidence in Indonesia on how OCI disaggregation (reclassification), profit, and equity attributable affect external audit fees.
Practitioner/Policy implication: For management, it can be an input in predicting the amount of audit fees, and for external auditors, it can be a consideration in determining the amount of audit fees by taking into account additional audit procedures due to OCI and profit attribution.
Research limitation/Implication: The limitation of this research is that in measuring OCI reclassification, it only included the holding company, while OCI in subsidiaries and associations was not involved.


Keywords


Other Comprehensive Income (OCI); Profit and Equity Attributable; Audit Fees

Full Text:

PDF

References


Alrashidi, R., Baboukardos, D., & Thankom, A. (2021). Audit fees, non-audit fees and access to finance: Evidence from India. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 43, 100397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2021.100397

Al-okaily, J., & Benyoussef, N. (2020). Audit committee effectiveness and non-audit service fees: Evidence from UK family firms. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 41, 100356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2020.100356

Athori, A., & Kusuma, M., (2023). Effect of Others Comprehensive Income on Company Value by Mediation of Retained Earnings: Evidence From Indonesia. JCA (Jurnal Cendekia Akuntansi), 4(2), 141-161. https://doi.org/10.32503/akuntansi.v4i2.4580

Averhals, L., Van Caneghem, T., & Willekens, M. (2020). Mandatory audit fee disclosure and price competition in the private client segment of the Belgian audit market. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 40, 100337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2020.100337

Banks, L., Hodgson, A., & Russell, M. (2018). The location of comprehensive income reporting – does it pass the financial analyst revision test? Accounting Research Journal, 31(4), 531–550. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARJ-04-2017-0075

Barua, A., Lennox, C., & Raghunandan, A. (2019). Are audit fees discounted in initial year audit engagements? Journal of Accounting and Economics 69(2-3), 101282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2019.101282

Bhuiyan, B. U., Rahman, A., & Sultana, N. (2020). Female tainted directors, financial reporting quality and audit fees. Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics, 16(2), 100189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcae.2020.100189

Chang, H., Ho, L. C. J., Liu, Z., & Ouyang, B. (2021). Income smoothing and audit fees. Advances in Accounting. Elsevier, 54, 100547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adiac.2021.100547

Chen, V. Y. S., Keung, E. C., & Lin, I.-M. (2019). Does Disclosure of Fair Value Measurement in Goodwill Impairment Test Affect Audit Fees? Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics 15(3), 100160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcae.2019.100160

Cho, M., Young, S., & Krishnan, G. V. (2020). Audit fee lowballing: Determinants, recovery, and future audit quality. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy 40(4), 106787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2020.106787

Ding, Z. (2019). Other Comprehensive Income, Auditor Practice Experience and Audit Pricing. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 09(1), 233–252. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2019.91015

Du, S., Xu, X., & Yu, K. (2020). Does corporate social responsibility affect auditor-client contracting? Evidence from auditor selection and audit fees. Advances in Accounting 51, 100499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adiac.2020.100499

Duan, B., Ma, X., Tang, T., & Zheng, G. (2021). Adjustment costs of institutional tax changes from the audit pricing perspective : Empirical evidence from the VAT reform. China Journal of Accounting Research, 14(2), 129–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjar.2021.04.001

Eny, N., & Mappanyukki, R. (2020). Moderating Role of Audit Fees on the Effect of Task Complexity and Independence towards Audit Judgment. Journal of Economics, Business, and Accountancy Ventura, 23(2), 194–204. https://doi.org/10.14414/jebav.v23i2.2326

Gu, J. (2021). FDI characteristics, industry homogeneity, and audit fees in Japanese multinationals. Journal of Multinational Financial Management, 61 100678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mulfin.2021.100678

Hou, F., Liu, J., Pang, T., & Xiong, H. (2020). Signing auditors’ foreign experience and audit pricing. Economic Modelling, 91, 300-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2020.06.014

Kusuma, M. (2023a). Can the Reclassification of Others Comprehensive Income Narrow Opportunities for Creative Accounting: Earnings Management and Income Smoothing? Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 25(1), 25-38. https://doi.org/10.9744/jak.25.1.25-38

Kusuma, M., (2023b).Pengaruh Kinerja Operasi, Entitas Anak dan Asosiasi Terhadap Laba dan Ekuitas yang Diatribusi : Bukti dari Indonesia. JCA (Jurnal Cendekia Akuntansi), 4(2), 120-140. https://doi.org/10.32503/akuntansi.v4i2.4579

Kusuma, M. (2021a). Measurement of Return on Asset (ROA) based on Comprehensive Income and its Ability to Predict Investment Returns: an Empirical Evidence on Go Public Companies in Indonesia before and during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Ekuilibrium : Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Ilmu Ekonomi, 16(1), 94. https://doi.org/10.24269/ekuilibrium.v16i1.3238

Kusuma, M. (2021b). Modification of Profitability Measures with Comprehensive Income and Reclassification of Other Comprehensive Income as A Mediation of Effects Asset Utilization on Firm Value. Jurnal Keuangan Dan Perbankan, 25(4), 855–879. https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v25i4.6132

Kusuma, M. (2020). Penghasilan komprehensif lain dan prediksi arus kas masa depan : Bukti dari Indonesia. Seminar Nasional SENIMA Ke 5 Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Senima 5, 815–832. http://bit.ly/ProsidingSenima5

Kusuma, M., & Agustin, B. H. (2024). Nilai Relevansi Kepentingan Non Pengendali dalam Laporan Keuangan Konsolidasi : Bagaimana Pasar Bereaksi, dan Kemampuannya dalam Memprediksi Laba dan Dividen? Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Governance, 4(2), 104-124. https://doi.org/10.24853/jago.4.2.104-124

Kusuma, M., & Athori, A. (2023). Can Income and Equity Attribution Minimize Agency Costs ? ( Effect of Attribution Policy on Earnings Management and Firm Value ). Proceeding Medan International Conference Economics and Business (MICEB), 1(January), 1950–1962. https://doi.org/10.30596/miceb.v1i0.308

Kusuma, M., & Kusumaningarti, M. (2023). Earnings Response Coefficient (ERC) Berbasis Laba Komprehensif dan Laba Diatribusi : Modifikasi Teori Kandungan Laba (Ball & Brown, 1968). Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Manajemen, 6(2), 141–162. https://doi.org/10.35326/jiam.v6i2.4346

Kusuma, M., & Qowi, M. (2022). Apakah Penyajian Reklasifikasi Dapat Mempersempit Penggunaan OCI Untuk Creative Accounting : Manajemen Laba dan Perataan Laba? Konferensi Regional Akuntansi (KRA) Ke IX, 9.

Kusuma, M., & Rahayu, P. (2022). Can Others Comprehensive Income Be Used For Tax Avoidance? Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan (JAK), 24(2), 68–79. https://doi.org/10.9744/jak.v25.i2

Kusuma, M., & Saputra, B. M. (2022). Pengaruh Fundamental Makro Ekonomi Terhadap Penghasilan Komprehensif Lain dan Persistensi Laba Komprehensif. Jurnal Kajian Akuntansi, 6(1), 145–176. http://dx.doi.org/10.33603/jka.v6i1.6239

Kusuma, M., Assih, P., & Zuhroh, D. (2021a). Pengukuran Kinerja Keuangan : Return on Equity ( ROE ) Dengan Atribusi Ekuitas. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Dan Bisnis, 22(2), 223–244. https://doi.org/10.30596/jimb.v22i2.7935

Kusuma, M., Chandrarin, G., Cahyaningsih, D. S., & Lisetyati, E. (2022). Reclassification of Others Comprehensive Income, Earnings Management, and Earnings Quality : Evidence From Indonesia. Asia-Pacific Management Accounting Journal, 17(3), 205–237. https://apmaj.uitm.edu.my/index.php/current/20-cv17n3/165-av17n3-8

Kusuma, M., Zuhroh, D., Assih, P., & Chandrarin, G. (2021b). The Effect of Net Income and Other Comprehensive Income on Future’s Comprehensive Income With Attribution of Comprehensive Income as Moderating Variable. International Journal of Financial Research, 12(3), 205–219. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v12n3p205

Lopes, A. I., Lourenço, I., & Soliman, M. (2013). Do alternative methods of reporting non-controlling interests really matter? Australian Journal of Management, 38(1), 7–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0312896212458788

Mihaela, R. C., Costin, B. V., & Andreia, M. (2022). The Impact Of Other Comprehensive Income And The Audit Practice In The Professional Judgments Of Managers. Annals-Economy Series, 4, 146-151.

Mohapatra, P. S., Elkins, H., Lobo, G. J., & Chi, W. (2022). The impact of PCAOB international registration on audit quality and audit fees : Evidence from China q. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 41(4), 106947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2022.106947

Murdiyanto, E., & Kusuma, M. (2022). Moderasi Leverage dalam Pengaruh Ukuran Bank dan Aset Keuangan Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Komprehensif BPR Konvensional dan BPR Syariah Se-Kediri Raya. Jurnal Ekonika : Jurnal Ekonomi Universitas Kadiri, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.30737/ekonika.v7i2.3006

Oradi, J. (2021). CEO succession origin, audit report lag, and audit fees: Evidence from Iran. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation 45, 100414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2021.100414

Saifudin, S., & Januarti, I. (2023). Semiotics of audit quality : a meta-analysis perspective. Journal of Accounting and Investment, 24(3), 861–876. https://doi.org/10.18196/jai.v24i3.19390

Sotti, F. (2018). The value relevance of consolidated and separate financial statements: Are non-controlling interests relevant? African Journal of Business Management, 12(11), 329–337. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajbm2017.8335

Sujana, R. S., & Mita, A. F. (2019). The Selection of Revaluation Method and The Independent Valuer Increase The Audit Fee: a case of ASEAN. The Indonesian Journal Of Accounting Research, 22(1), 131–152. https://doi.org/10.33312/ijar.434

Sun, X. S., Habib, A., & Bhuiyan, B. U. (2020). Workforce environment and audit fees: International evidence. Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics, 16(1), 100182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcae.2020.100182

Tat, R. N. E, & Murdiawati, D. (2020). Faktor-faktor Penentu Tarif Biaya Audit Eksternal (Audit Fee) pada Perusahaan Non-Keuangan. JIA (Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi), 5(1), 177-195, https://doi.org/10.23887/jia.v5i1.24543

Wati, Y. (2020). Auditor Switching : New Evidence from Indonesia. The Indonesian Journal of Accounting Research, 23(1), 87–126. https://doi.org/10.33312/ijar.464

Wibowo, A. S., & Ghozali, I. (2017). Faktor–Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Biaya Audit Eksternal Dengan Risiko Litigasi Sebagai Variabel Intervening. Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 6(4), 275–284.

Xiang, R., & Song, C. (2021). CFO narcissism and audit fees : Evidence from listed companies in China. China Journal of Accounting Research, 14(3), 257–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjar.2021.05.002

Yahaya, K. A., Fagbemi, T. O., & Oyeniyi, K. K. (2015). Effect of International Financial Reporting Standards on the Financial Statements of Nigerian Banks. Journal of Agricultural Economics, Environment and Social Sciences, 1(1), 18–29.

Yan, C., & He, H. (2018). Non-controlling Large Shareholders and Firm Performance in China. Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies, 47(3), 401–425. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajfs.12216

Yefni, & Sari, P. (2021). Akankah Fee Audit dan Karakteristik Auditor Menentukan Kualitas Audit? Jurnal Akuntansi Multiparadigma, 12(1), 173–185. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jamal.2021.12.1.10

Yousefinejad, M., Ahmad, A., & Zaini, E. (2017). Value Relevance of available-for-sale financial instruments (AFS) and revaluation surplus of PPE (REV) components of other comprehensive income. SHS Web of Conferences, 34, 03004. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20173403004

Yulianti, N., Agustin, H., & Taqwa, S. (2019). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Kompleksitas Audit, Risiko Perusahaan, dan Ukuran KAP Terhadap Fee Audit. Jurnal Eksplorasi Akuntansi, 1(1), 217–235. https://doi.org/10.24036/jea.v1i1.72




DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/jai.v25i1.20470

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Office:
Ruang Jurnal Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis UMY
Gedung Ki Bagus Hadikusuma (E4) Lantai 2, Kampus Terpadu Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta,
Jalan Brawijaya (Lingkar Selatan), Tamantirto, Kasihan, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55183
Website: journal.umy.ac.id/index.php/ai - E-mail: jai@umy.ac.id

Journal of Accounting and Investment is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License

View My Stats