FORMULATION AND PHYSICAL QUALITY TESTING OF SOLID SOAP SANDALWOOD OIL (Santalum album L.) COMBINATION OF RAMBUSA LEAF EXTRACT (Passiflora foetida L.) AS AN ANTIBACTERIAL AGAINST Staphylococcus aureus

Authors

  • Susy Husniyah Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur
  • Hasyrul Hamzah Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur
  • Nur Atika Astriani Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur
  • Syaadatun Nadiah Faculty of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Sumatera
  • Asriullah Jabbar Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Halu Oleo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18196/jfaps.v5i2.21811

Keywords:

Antibacterial, Solid Soap, Sandalwood Oil, Rambusa, Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

The skin is highly susceptible to infections and other skin diseases, one of which is caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium, with the skin surface as its natural habitat. Sandalwood and rambusa oils are plants known for their antibacterial activity. The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics and physical quality of solid soap formulations made from sandalwood oil combined with rambusa leaf extract to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The method used in this research is experimental. Antibacterial testing was conducted using the disc diffusion method. The results indicated that the addition of sandalwood oil and rambusa extract in solid soap formulations significantly enhanced antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with very strong inhibition. Specifically, the diameter of the inhibition zone in formulation 2 with a 50% concentration averaged 23 mm, while formulation 3 at 50% concentration showed an average of 19.8 mm. At a 100% concentration, formulation 3 showed an average inhibition zone of 26.5 mm. Furthermore, physical quality tests of the solid soap preparations confirmed that the results met the quality standards for solid soap as regulated by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI).

References

Wijianto B, Hamzah H, Nurhidayah AL, Kemuning GI, Dyas RAA. Characterization of Onchidiid Slug (Onchidium typhae) West Kalimantan Waters as Antibacterials and Antifungal. Borneo J Pharm. 2022;5(1):35–41. Doi: 10.33084/bjop.v5i1.2936

Pratiwi SUT, Hamzah H. Inhibition and degradation activity of (Sapindus rarak seeds) ethanol extract against polymicrobial biofilm. Res J Pharm Technol. 2020;13(11):5425–30. Doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2020.00947.6

Hamzah H, Hertiani T, Pratiwi SUT, Nuryastuti T, Murti YB. The biofilm inhibition and eradication activity of curcumin againts polymicrobial biofilm. BIO Web Conf. 2020;28(December). Doi: 10.1051/bioconf/20202804001

Febrianti F, Widyasanti A, Nurhasanah S. Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) terhadap Bakteri Patogen. ALCHEMY J Penelit Kim. 2022;18(2):234. Doi: 10.20961/alchemy.18.2.52508.234-241

Wijianto B, Hamzah H. Efficacy of Onchidiid Slug (Onchidiium Typhae) Ethanolic Extract Against Bacterial and Fungal Grown in Biofilm Cultures. Eur Chem Bull. 2022;11(10):112–6. Doi: 10.31838/ecb/2022.11.10.015

Leny L, Noverita T, Simatupang A, Iskandar B. Formulasi Sabun Antibakteri Fraksi N-Heksan Daun Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Maj Farmasetika. 2022;7(3):241. Doi: 10.24198/mfarmasetika.v7i3.38544

Sitorus RA, Sari SP, Pratiwi D. Effect of sandalwood essential oil aromatherapy ( Santalum Album L ) on the intensity of labor pain reduction in the first stage at Elliani Silau Laut Clinic in 2023. 2023;11(3). Doi: 10.35335/midwifery.v11i3.1335

Triadisti N, Zamzani I. Aktivitas Ekstrak n-Heksan, Etil Asetat, dan Metanol sebagai Penghambat Enzim A-Glucosidase (Activity of N-Hexane, Ethyl Acetate and Methanol Extracts from Passiflora foetida Leaves as α-Glucosidase Enzymes Inhibitor). Jcps [Internet]. 2021;4(2):334–8. Available from: https://journal.umbjm.ac.id/index.php/jcps/article/view/673

Mochtar CF, Devi RS, Hamzah H, Faradillah A, Hafidzah E, Varizza FP, et al. In-Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Kelubut Leaf Ethyl Acetate Extract (Passiflora foetida L.) from Samarinda City. J Fundam Appl Pharm Sci. 2023;4(1):15–22. Doi: 10.18196//jfaps.v4i1.18287

Y N, Pasaribu SP, T D. Uji Fitokimia, Toksisitas Dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Terhadap Ekstrak Etanol Daun Rambusa (Passiflora Foetida L.) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus Dan Escherichia Coli. J Kim Mulawarman. 2014;12(1). Retrieved from https://jurnal.kimia.fmipa.unmul.ac.id/index.php/JKM/article/view/16

Setyowati E, Fadia Irzani E, Fadly C, Luthfi M, Hamzah H, Magelang UM. Tracing The Antibacterial, Antifungal And Anti-biofilm Activities Of Root Extract Bajakah Tampala (Spatholobus Littoralis Hassk). Jfsp [Internet]. 2024;10(1):32–41. Available from: http://journal.unimma.ac.id/index.php/pharmacyhttps://doi.org/10.31603/pharmacy.v10i1.8804

Cahyaningsih E, Era Sandhi PK, Santoso P. Skrining Fitokimia Dan Uji (Clitoria ternatea L.) Dengan Metode Spektrofotometeri UV-Vis. Ilm Medicam. 2019;5(1):2356–4818. Doi: 10.36733/medicamento.v5i1.851

Hamzah H, Septilapani AR, Frimayanti N. UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI INFUSA DAUN SIRIH HIJAU (Piper betle L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Escherichia coli. J Penelit Farm Indones. 2021;10(2):2021.

Pradana AR, Hamzah H, Dewi SR, Wirnawati W. Formulation and Physical Quality Testing of Solid Soap From a Combination of Citronella Oil with Patchouli Leaf Oil Againts Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria. J Islam Pharm. 2024;9(1):36–9. Doi: 10.18860/jip.v9i1.26885

Hilmarni, Mulyani D, Selfira D. Formulasi Sediaan Sabun Padat Transparan Dari Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Jeruk Manis (Citrus Sinensis) Dengan Minyak Kelapa Sawit (Palm Oil). SITAWA J Farm Sains dan Obat Tradis. 2024;3(1):7–17. Doi: 10.62018/sitawa.v3i1.82

Hakim RF, Fakhrurazi, Editia A. Pengaruh Air Perasan Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Lactobacillus acidophilus. J Syiah Kuala Dent Soc. 2018;3(1):1–5.

de Aguiar FLL, Santos NC, Cavalcante CS de P, Andreu D, Baptista GR, Gonçalves S. Antibiofilm activity on candida albicans and mechanism of action on biomembrane models of the antimicrobial peptide Ctn[15–34]. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(21):1–15. Doi: 10.3390/ijms21218339

Reski Fitriani I, Nuryanti S. Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Ketepeng Cina (Cassia alata L.) Terhadap Beberapa Bakteri Penyebab Infeksi Kulit. Makassar Nat Prod J [Internet]. 2023;1(4):22–8. Available from: https://journal.farmasi.umi.ac.id/index.php/mnpj

Hamzah H, Hertiani T, Utami Tunjung Pratiwi S, Nuryastuti T. Efek Saponin Terhadap Penghambatan Planktonik Dan Mono-Spesies Biofilm Candida albicans ATCC 10231 Pada Fase Pertengahan, Pematangan Dan Degaradasi. Maj Farm. 2021;17(2):198–205. Doi: 10.22146/farmaseutik.v17i2.54444

Hamzah H, Siregar KAAK, Nurwijayanto A, Wahyuningrum R, Sari S. Effectiveness of Oxalis corniculata L. Ethanol Extract against Mono-Species of Biofilm Staphylococcus aureus. Borneo J Pharm. 2021;4(3):184–91. Doi: 10.33084/BJOP.V4I3.2418

Hamzah H, Pratiwi SUT, Hertiani T. Efficacy of C-10 massoialactone against-multispecies microbial biofilm. Biointerface Res Appl Chem. 2022;12(3):3472–87. Doi: 10.33263/BRIAC123.34723487

Downloads

Published

2025-02-25

Issue

Section

Articles