Religious Movements in Humanitarian Issue: The Emergence of Faith-Based Organizations (FBO) in Diplomacy Sphere

Fredy Munthe

Abstract


Faith-Based Organization (FBO) has a strong role in conducting humanitarian Diplomacy. However, the strong role of nation-state in that sphere ignored the emergence of FBO. Until now, there is no text that explicitly discuses the emergence of FBO in humanitarian diplomacy. All of text only discusses the issue FBO and humanitarian action. In fact, there is no humanitarian aid if there is no humanitarian diplomacy previously. Therefore, this paper traces the emergence of FBO as the actor of humanitarian diplomacy. This paper analyzes the perspective of diplomacy and the impact to the emergence of FBO as the actor. I use literature review to get data about it. This paper is useful for strengthen position of FBO as the non-state actor in humanitarian sphere as well as in diplomacy

 

Organisasi berbasis agama (FBO) memiliki peran yang kuat dalam melakukan diplomasi kemanusiaan. Namun, kuatnya peran yang dimiliki negara-bangsa dalam lingkup diplomasi mengabaikan kemunculan FBO sebagai salah satu aktor. Sampai saat ini, belum ada teks yang secara eksplisit membahas munculnya FBO dalam diplomasi kemanusiaan. Semua teks hanya membahas masalah FBO dan aksi kemanusiaan. Namun faktanya, tidak ada bantuan kemanusiaan jika tidak ada diplomasi kemanusiaan sebelumnya. Oleh karena itu artikel ini mencoba untuk melacak munculnya FBO sebagai aktor diplomasi kemanusiaan. Artikel ini menganalisis perspektif diplomasi dan dampaknya terhadap kemunculan FBO sebagai aktor. Untuk melakukannya penulis menggunakan kajian literatur untuk mendapatkan data tentang hal tersebut. Artikel ini berguna untuk memperkuat posisi FBO sebagai salah satu aktor non-negara dalam ruang kemanusiaan begitu pula diplomasi


Keywords


diplomacy; faith-based organization; humanitarian

Full Text:

PDF

References


Barston, R. P. (1997). Modern diplomacy. Edinburgh: Pearson Longman.

Black, J. (2010). A history of diplomacy. London: Reaktion. Retrieved from http://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=618746

Bull, H. (1977). The anarchical society: a study of order in world politics. New York: Columbia University Press.

Cahill, K. M. (2013). History and hope: the international humanitarian reader. Retrieved from http://site.ebrary.com/id/10746730

Diamond, L., & McDonald, J. W. (1996). Multi-track diplomacy: a systems approach to peace. West Hartford, Conn.: Kumarian Press.

Eby, J., Iverson, E., Smyers, J., & Kekic, E. (2011). The Faith Community’s Role in Refugee Resettlement in the United States. Journal of Refugee Studies, 24(3), 586–605.

Ferris, E. (2005). Faith-based and Secular Humanitarian Organizations. International Review of the Red Cross Revue Internationale de La Croix-Rouge = International Review of the Red Cross, 87(858), 311–325.

Ferris, E. (2011). Faith and Humanitarianism: It’s Complicated. Journal of Refugee Studies, 24(3), 606–625.

Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, E. (2011). Introduction: Faith-Based Humanitarianism in Contexts of Forced Displacement. Journal of Refugee Studies, 24(3), 429–439.

Galtung, J. (1969). Violence, Peace and Peace Research. Journal of Peace Research, 6, 170–171.

Gres, D. (2010). The ambivalence of religion within the framework of secular humanism the case of faith-based humanitarian organizations. University of British Columbia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2429/19235

Horstmann, A. (2011). Ethical Dilemmas and Identifications of Faith-Based Humanitarian Organizations in the Karen Refugee Crisis. Journal of Refugee Studies, 24(3), 513–532.

Krieg, A. (2013). Motivations for humanitarian intervention theoretical and empirical considerations. Dordrecht; New York: Springer. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5374-7

Latief, H., & Mutaqin, Z. Z. (2015). Islam dan urusan kemanusiaan: konflik, perdamaian, dan filantropi. Jakarta: Serambi Ilmu Semesta.

Leguey-Feilleux, J.-R. (2009). The dynamics of diplomacy. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.

Lentner, H. H. (1997). International politics: theory and practice. Minneapolis/St. Paul: West Pub. Co.

Macalister-Smith, P. (1985). International humanitarian assistance: disaster relief actions in international law and organization. Dordrecht; Boston; Hingham, MA, USA: M. Nijhoff ; Distributors for the U.S. and Canada, Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Manning, P. (2005). Migration in world history. New York: Routledge.

Minear, L. & Smith, H. (2007). Humanitarian diplomacy practitioners and their craft. Tokyo; New York: United Nations University Press. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=217489

Morgenthau, H. J. (1972). Politics among nations: the struggle for power and peace. 5th edition. Hans J. Morgenthau,. New York: A.A. Knopf.

Orji, N. (2011). Faith-Based Aid to People Affected by Conflict in Jos, Nigeria: An Analysis of the Role of Christian and Muslim Organizations. Journal of Refugee Studies, 24(3), 473–492.

Parsitau, D. S. (2011). The Role of Faith and Faith-Based Organizations among Internally Displaced Persons in Kenya. Journal of Refugee Studies, 24(3), 493–512.

Régnier, P. (2011). The emerging concept of humanitarian diplomacy: identification of a community of practice and prospects for international recognition. International Review of the Red Cross, 93(884), 1211–1237. http://doi.org/10.1017/S1816383112000574

Roeder, L. W., & Simard, A. J. (2013). Diplomacy and negotiation for humanitarian NGOs. New York, NY: Springer. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7113-4

Simpson, S. (1945). International Organization in the Area of Social and Humanitarian Problems. Social Service Review, 19(1), 1–23.

Snyder, S. (2011). Un/settling Angels: Faith-Based Organizations and Asylum-Seeking in the UK 1. Journal of Refugee Studies, 24(3), 565–585.

Sugiono, M. (2011). Cosmopolitanism and World Politics: Bringing the Global World to International Relations. SSRN. Retrieved from http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2001953

Tirtosudarmo, R. (2015). On The Politics of Migration: Indonesia and Beyond. Jakarta: LIPI Press.

Wahid, A. (2007). Islam kosmopolitan: nilai-nilai Indonesia & transformasi kebudayaan. Jakarta: Wahid Institute.

Wilson, E. (2011). Much to be Proud of, Much to be Done: Faith-based Organizations and the Politics of Asylum in Australia. Journal of Refugee Studies, 24(3), 548–564.

Wispé, L. (1978). Altruism, sympathy, and helping: psychological and sociological principles. New York: Academic Press.

稲場 圭信, イナバ ケイシン, & Inaba Keishin. (2003). Meaning and Construction of Altruism in New Religious Movements. 人間科学研究 / 神戸大学発達科学部人間科学研究センター 編., 11(1), 1–15.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/hi.5295

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2017 Jurnal Hubungan Internasional

 Jurnal Hubungan Internasional Indexed by:

      

Editorial Office of Jurnal Hubungan Internasional 

Ki Bagus Hadikusumo Building, E4, 1st floor, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
Jl. Brawijaya, Tamantirto, Kasihan, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, 55183, Indonesia
jurnalhi@umy.ac.id ariekusumapaksi@umy.ac.id

 

Jurnal Hubungan Internasional in collaboration with:

   

Creative Commons License   

Jurnal Hubungan Internasional is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

View My Stats