Fronting the Return of Foreign Terrorist Fighters: the Rise and Fall of ASEAN Border Cooperation to Combat Non-Traditional Threats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18196/hi.71126Abstract
This paper argues that bilateral arrangements among ASEAN countries are no longer enough to address the convergence of non-traditional threats, primarily due to porous borders in Southeast Asia region. Hence, fighting terrorism by securing maritime border through ASEAN border cooperation is seen as a useful measure to respond the issue. This paper aims to observe non-traditional threat posed from the maritime boundary, specifically from Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines border which each of the government has agreed on Defense and Security Agreement Framework in the past few years. The FTF returnees and the existential threat of terrorism in each ASEAN countries have eventually carried a new agenda for ASEAN countries in securing the border. This paper then analyses the result of the Trilateral Meeting that depicts the commitment of these countries in tackling FTF as the growing security challenges in the region. This paper also considers the effectiveness of the Trilateral Agreement in combating non-traditional threats including terrorism.
References
Acharya, A. (2013). ASEAN 2030: Challenges of Building a Mature Political and Security Community. ADBI Working Paper 441. Tokyo: Asian Development Bank Institute. Retrieved from http://www.adbi.org/working-paper/2013/10/28/5917.asean.2030.political.security.community/
Antolik, M. (1990). ASEAN and the Diplomacy of Accomodation. Armonk, N.Y. : M.E. Sharpe.
Buszynski, L. (1999). The impact of the Asian Financial Crisis on Southeast Asia. Retrived January12, 2018, from http://www7.iuj.ac.jp/research/workingpapers/PIRS_2000_02.html
Chabalza, C. (2018, August 9). The Diplomat. Retrieved from https://thediplomat.com/
Cohen, R. and Michael Mihalka , (2001). Cooperative Security: New Horizons for International Order. Retrieved from http://www.marshallcenter.org/mcpublicweb/mcdocs/files/College/F_Publications /mcPapers/mc-paper_3-en.pdf.
Franco, Joseph. (2017). The Maute Group: New Vanguard of IS in Southeast Asia?, Singapore: Rajaratnam School of International Studies.
Hamm, M and Ramon Spaaj, (2015). Lone Wolf Terrorism in America: Using Knowledge of Radicalization Pathways to Forge Prevention Strategies. Retrieved from National Institute of Justice website https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/248691.pdf.
Hashim, A.S. (2015). The Impact of the Islamic State in Asia: Policy Report. Singapore: S.Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University.
Hume, Tim and Kathy Qutiano. (2016). 10 Indonesian hostages released by Islamist militant group, president says. Retrieved January 5, 2018, from http://www.cnn.com/
Jensen, M and William Kammerer. (2014a). Infographic: Terrorism In Southeast Asia — Serious, Violent, And Unique [Graphics]. Retrieved from https://warontherocks.com/2014/07/infographic-terrorism-in-southeast-asia-serious-violent-and-unique/
Jensen, M. (2014b) Infographic: Terrorism In Southeast Asia — Serious, Violent, And Unique, Retrieved January 21, 2018, from https://warontherocks.com/2014/07/infographic-terrorism-in-southeast-asia-serious-violent-and-unique/
Katsumata, H. (2009). ASEAN's cooperative security enterprise: Norms and interests in the ASEAN regional forum. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kruglanski, A. W., & Fishman, S. (2006). The psychology of terrorism: “Syndrome” versus “tool” perspectives. Terrorism and Political Violence,18, 193-215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09546550600570119
Larsen, J. J. (2010). Migration and People Trafficking in Southeast Asia. Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, No. 401, Australian Institute of Criminology.
Nayak, N. (2013). Cooperative Security Framework for South Asia. South Asia Economic, 14, 343-375. https://doi.org/10.1177/1391561413500190
Oba, M. (2017, October 16) Challenges for ASEAN As It Turns 50, The Diplomat. Retrived from https://thediplomat.com/
Parameswaran, P (2015, May 30). Singapore Warns of Islamic State Base in Southeast Asia, The Diplomat, Retrieved from http://thediplomat.com/
Pitsuwan, S (2011, June 15) The ASEAN Heart of Asia, Jakarta Post, Retrieved from http://www.thejakartapost.com/
Rafa, E. (2017). Islamic State Linked-Terrorist Attacks [Graphics]. Reteieved from https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/terrorism-threat-remains-at-highest-level-in-singapore-in-recent-8902732
Samuel, Thomas Koruth. (2016). Radicalisation In Southeast Asia: A Selected Case Study Of Daesh In Indonesia, Malaysia And The Philippines, Kuala Lumpur: The Southeast Asia Regional Centre for Counter-Terrorism (SEARCCT).
Southeast Asia's Treacherous Waters. (2016) Retrieved January 5 2018, from https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/southeast-asias-treacherous-waters
Moleong, Lexy J. (2014). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung :PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Wallis, K. (2017). Shippers avoid new 'pirate hotspot' in waters west of the Philippines, Retrived January 5, 2018, from https://www.reuters.com/
Wang, Y. (2004). Defining Non-Traditional Security and Its Implications for China. China and World Economy ,12, 9–66. Retrived from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.472.3779& rep=rep1&type=pdf.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
License
This journal is based on the work at journal.umy.ac.id/index.php/jhi under license from Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. You are free to:
- Share – copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
- Adapt – remix, transform, and build upon the material.
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms, which include the following:
- Attribution. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- Non-Commercial. You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
- No additional restrictions. You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Copyright
The author should be aware that by submitting an article to this journal, the article's copyright will be fully transferred to Jurnal Hubungan Internasional. Authors are allowed to resend their manuscript to other journals or intentionally withdraw the manuscript only if both parties (Jurnal Hubungan Internasional and Authors) have agreed on the issue. Once the manuscript has been published, authors are allowed to use their published article under Jurnal Hubungan Internasional copyrights.
All authors are required to deliver the agreement of license transfer once they submit the manuscript to Jurnal Hubungan Internasional. By signing the agreement, the copyright is attributed to this journal to protect the intellectual material for the authors. Authors are allowed to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium and in any circumstances to give appropriate credit and wide readership to the work.