Assessing Policies, Practices and Impact of Actions and Policies in Handling Covid-19 Pandemic: Comparative Studies of Bangladesh and Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18196/jiwp.v6i1.12742Abstract
This article aims to describe how Bangladesh and Indonesia face problems of good governance, especially aspect accountability, when conduct health diplomacy and communicatian in handle Covid-19 issues. This is qualitative research and constructivism approach, which using the content analysis method to find out such of Banglkdesh and Indonesian government statements, policy and action in handling Covid-19 pandemic crisis. The article found that Bangladesh and Indonesia governments face such of problems of health diplomacy and political communication with international communities; inter-governmental institution and citizens. These problems especially come from ‘low-level skill of health diplomacy and communication” in which central-government as prominent ccommunicator, express such as health message or policy in ‘uncredible’ ways of both governments. This situation has contributed to make policy to stop Covid-19 to be more complicated. By using content analysis, the article found that both of Bangldesh Indonesian developed in a “un- smart”, “un-systematic”, “un-objective”, and “un- visionary” way in handle diplomacy and communication in global health crisis. It shows how important of good governance of health diplomacy and communication, including prepareness in health disasster mitigation in a country to handle such of effects of global health crisis.
References
Abou Samra, A. (2021). The debates of methodology and methods: reflections on the development of the study of international relations. Review of Economics and Political Science. https://doi.org/10.1108/REPS-06-2020-0063
Ang, I., Isar, Y. R., & Mar, P. (2015). Cultural diplomacy: beyond the national interest? International Journal of Cultural Policy, 21(4), 365–381. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2015.1042474
Anwar, S., Nasrullah, M., & Hosen, M. J. (2020). COVID-19 and Bangladesh: Challenges and How to Address Them . Frontiers in Public Health , Vol. 8. Retrieved from https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00154
Bhuiyan, A. S. M. A. (2021). Seeking an ethical theory for the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak with special reference to Bangladesh’s law and policy. Developing World Bioethics, 21(4), 173–186. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/dewb.12287
Biswas, R. K., Huq, S., Afiaz, A., & Khan, H. T. A. (2020). A systematic assessment on COVID-19 preparedness and transition strategy in Bangladesh. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 26(6), 1599–1611. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.13467
Brown, S. (2001). Diplomacy (N. J. Smelser & P. B. B. T.-I. E. of the S. & B. S. Baltes, Eds.). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/01260-2
Caraka, R. E., Lee, Y., Kurniawan, R., Herliansyah, R., Kaban, P. A., Nasution, B. I., … Pardamean, B. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 large scale restriction on environment and economy in Indonesia. Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management, 6(Special Issue (Covid-19)), 65–84. https://doi.org/10.22034/GJESM.2019.06.SI.07
Constantinou, C. M., & Sharp, P. (2016). The SAGE Handbook of Diplomacy. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473957930
Devi, A., & Ahmed, H. (2021). COVID-19 Under Origin and Transmission: A Data-Driven Analysis for India and Bangladesh BT - Emerging Technologies for Battling Covid-19: Applications and Innovations (F. Al-Turjman, A. Devi, & A. Nayyar, Eds.). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60039-6_6
Djalante, R., Nurhidayah, L., Van Minh, H., Phuong, N. T. N., Mahendradhata, Y., Trias, A., … Miller, M. A. (2020). COVID-19 and ASEAN responses: Comparative policy analysis. Progress in Disaster Science, 8, 100129. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100129
Firdaus, A. Y. (2020). Multi-Track Diplomacy as Indonesia’s Strategy in Mitigating the Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Social Political Sciences, 1(3 SE-Articles), 168–177. Retrieved from http://e-journal.unas.ac.id/index.php/jsps/article/view/23
Herman, A. (2021). Indonesian government’s public communication management during a pandemic. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 19(1), 244–256. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(1).2021.21
Hidayati, D. (2020). Profil Penduduk Terkonfirmasi Positif Covid-19 dan Meninggal: Kasus Indonesia dan DKI Jakarta. Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia; 2020: Edisi Spesial: Demografi Dan COVID-19 Di IndonesiaDO - 10.14203/Jki.V0i0.541, (Special Issue), 93–100. Retrieved from https://ejurnal.kependudukan.lipi.go.id/index.php/jki/article/view/541
Hizbaron, D. R., Ruslanjari, D., & Mardiatno, D. (2021). Amidst Covid-19 Pandemic: An Adaptive Disaster Governance in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Social Sciences , Vol. 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10030092
Hui, D. S., I Azhar, E., Madani, T. A., Ntoumi, F., Kock, R., Dar, O., … Petersen, E. (2020). The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health — The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 91, 264–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.009
Joarder, T., Khaled, M. N. B., & Joarder, M. A. I. (2021). Urban educated group’s perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic management in Bangladesh: a qualitative exploration [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations]. F1000Research, 10(170). https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.28333.2
Jönsson, C., & Hall, M. (2003). Communication: An Essential Aspect of Diplomacy. International Studies Perspectives, 4(2), 195–210. https://doi.org/10.1111/1528-3577.402009
Katz, R., Kornblet, S., Arnold, G., Lief, E., & Fischer, J. E. (2011). Defining Health Diplomacy: Changing Demands in the Era of Globalization. The Milbank Quarterly, 89(3), 503–523. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0009.2011.00637.x
Kaufmann, D., Kraay, A., & Mastruzzi, M. (2005). Governance Matters IV: Governance Indicators for 1996-2004. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series No. 3630. Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=718081
Lee, J. H., Lee, H., Kim, J. E., Moon, S. J., & Nam, E. W. (2021). Analysis of personal and national factors that influence depression in individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Globalization and Health, 17(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00650-8
Lindsey, T., & Mann, T. (2020). Indonesia was in denial over coronavirus. Now it may be facing a looming disaster. The Jakarta Post. Retrieved from https://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2020/04/09/indonesia-was-in-denial-over-coronavirus-now-it-may-be-facing-a-looming-disaster.html
Liu, Z. (2013). The Concept of National Interests. In China’s Diplomacy (pp. 121–189). https://doi.org/doi:10.1142/9781938134395_0003
Nag, N. S. (2018). Government, Governance and Good Governance. Indian Journal of Public Administration, 64(1), 122–130. https://doi.org/10.1177/0019556117735448
Nanda, V. P. (2006). The “Good Governance” Concept Revisited. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 603(1), 269–283. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716205282847
Rahman, M. H., Zafri, N. M., Ashik, F. R., Waliullah, M., & Khan, A. (2021). Identification of risk factors contributing to COVID-19 incidence rates in Bangladesh: A GIS-based spatial modeling approach. Heliyon, 7(2), e06260. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06260
Rahman, M. R., Islam, A. H. M. H., & Islam, M. N. (2021). Geospatial modelling on the spread and dynamics of 154 day outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Bangladesh towards vulnerability zoning and management approaches. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 7(3), 2059–2087. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-00962-z
Rana, M. S., Rony, M. A. T., Aktar, N., Hossain, K., Shuvo, T. A., Begum, S., & Ul Hosna, A. (2021). Effect of COVID-19 in Bangladesh: Challenge and Overcome. Journal of Applied Science, Engineering, Technology, and Education, 3(1 SE-Articles), 53–68. https://doi.org/10.35877/454RI.asci128
Roig-Tierno, N., Gonzalez-Cruz, T. F., & Llopis-Martinez, J. (2017). An overview of qualitative comparative analysis: A bibliometric analysis. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 2(1), 15–23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2016.12.002
Rosemary, R., Nur Rochimah, T. H., & Susilawati, N. (2022). Efficacy information in Government’s initial responses to Covid-19 pandemic: A content analysis of the media coverage in Indonesia. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 77, 103076. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103076
Roziqin, A., Mas’udi, S. Y. F., & Sihidi, I. T. (2021). An analysis of Indonesian government policies against COVID-19. Public Administration and Policy, 24(1), 92–107. https://doi.org/10.1108/PAP-08-2020-0039
Shammi, M., Bodrud-Doza, M., Islam, A. R. M. T., & Rahman, M. M. (2021). Strategic assessment of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: comparative lockdown scenario analysis, public perception, and management for sustainability. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23(4), 6148–6191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00867-y
Sulistyawati, S., Rokhmayanti, R., Aji, B., Wijayanti, B., Hastuti, S., Sukesi, T., & Mulasari, S. (2021). Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices and Information Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. Risk Manag Healthc Policy, 14, 163–175. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S288579
Susanto, A. D., Rozaliyani, A., Prasetyo, B., Agustin, H., Baskoro, H., Arifin, A. R., … Burhan, E. (2021). Epidemiological and Clinical Features of COVID-19 Patients at National Emergency Hospital Wisma Atlet Kemayoran, Jakarta,Indonesia. Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional (National Public Health Journal), 16(Special Issue), 11–16. Retrieved from https://journal.fkm.ui.ac.id/kesmas/article/view/5233
Tiong, T. N. (2004). Crisis Theory and SARS. Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work and Development, 14(1), 7–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/21650993.2004.9755939
Triwibowo, A. (2020). Diplomacy and Covid-19: A Reflection. Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional, 0(0 SE-Opinion Articles), 103–112. https://doi.org/10.26593/jihi.v0i0.3861.103-112
UNICEF Indonesia. (2021). Indonesia COVID-19 Response Situation Report. Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/media/103326/file/Indonesia COVID-19 Situation Report, June 2021.pdf
World Health Organization. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): situation report, 73. Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/331686
Zhao, H., & Liu, J. (2020). Comparative Studies of Internet Use: A Review of SSCI-Indexed Journal Articles, 1969–2019. International Journal of Communication, 14. Retrieved from https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/14551
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
License
Journal of Islamic World and Politics is licensed under an Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) license. You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. This license is acceptable for Free Cultural Works.
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Copyright
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under an Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
