Foreign Policy of Madagaskar under the Leadership of Andry Rajoelina: Analysis of Domestic Determinants
Abstract
Madagascar is one of the countries with the best geographical location in Sub-African, facing not only the Indian Ocean but also the Mozambique Strait. With the limitations it faces, the foreign policy made by Madagascar’s leaders can be a good strategy in articulating the interests of this country. In an article belonging to Bojang A.S, one of the determinants of foreign policy-making is domestic. It will guide the authors in analyzing the domestic determinants of Madagascar in determining its policy under the leadership of Andry Rajoelina. This article was written using a secondary-qualitative method by collecting and analyzing secondary data from accredited books, scientific articles, and news. This study compared existing data with guidelines (Bojang A.S.) and analyzed how these determinants produce Madagascar’s foreign policy. In the end, this article describes eight domestic determinants influencing Madagascar’s foreign policy under Rajoelina’s leadership.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Bibliography
Journals
Andriamampiandra, M., Andriamitsiriony, M. H. J., & Razaranaina, J. C. (2021). The Strong Presence of Chinese Investment in Madagascar: Threat or Opportunity? Modern Economy, 12(05), 919–928. https://doi.org/10.4236/me.2021.125046
Bojang, A. S. (2018b). The Study of Foreign Policy in International Relations. Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs, 06(04). https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0761.1000337
Codreanu, A. (2016). A VUCA Action Framework for A Vuca Environment: Leadership Challenges and Solutions. Journal of Defense Resources, 7, 31–38.
Ford, P., Peterson, S., & Brown, R. L. (2017). Can Famine Be Checked as Africa Faces Its Worst Crisis Since the 1980s?”. Christian Science Monitor.
McFaul, M. (2020). Putin, Putinism, and the Domestic Determinants of Russian Foreign Policy. International Security, 45(2), 95–139. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00390
Ramasy, J. F. (2020). Madagascar: The Military in Politics. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.1836
Tafotie, J. R. D., & Idahosa, S. O. (2016). Conflicts In Africa and Major Powers: Proxy Wars, Zone of Influence, or Provocating Instability. Vestnik RUDN International Relation, 16(3), 451–460. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317175223_CONFLICTS_IN_AFRICA_AND_MAJOR_POWERS_PROXY_WARS_ZONE_OF_INFLUENCE_OR_PROVOCATING_INSTABILITY
Websites
Arbuniés, P. (2020). https://www.unav.edu/web/global-affairs/detalle/-/blogs/russia-s-sharp-power-in-africa-the-case-of-madagascar-central-africa-republic-sudan-and-south-africa. Global Affairs and Strategic Studies. Retrieved July 13, 2021, from https://www.unav.edu/web/global-affairs/detalle/-/blogs/russia-s-sharp-power-in-africa-the-case-of-madagascar-central-africa-republic-sudan-and-south-africa
Atta-Asamoah, A. (2019, August 27). Proceed with Caution: Africa’s Growing Foreign Military Presence. ISS | Institute for Security Studies. https://issafrica.org/iss-today/proceed-with-caution-africas-growing-foreign-military-presence
Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. (n.d.). Madagascar. Retrieved July 11, 2021, from https://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/madagascar
Bachelard, J., & Marcus, R. (11–11-10). Countries at the Crossroads 2011: Madagascar. Refworld.Org. Retrieved July 12, 2021, from https://www.refworld.org/docid/4ecba64ac.html
Bamber, M. (2012, October 12). The Importance of Ideas in Foreign Policy. E-International Relations. https://www.e-ir.info/2012/10/11/the-importance-of-ideas-in-foreign-policy/
Boh, E. (2016, July 7). Madagascar: Journalists Frown at Controversial Media Draft Law. Africanews.Com. Retrieved July 12, 2021, from https://www.africanews.com/2016/07/07/madagascar-journalists-frown-at-controversial-media-draft-law/
Brewster, D. (2021, March 18). The Mozambique Channel is the next security hotspot. The Interpreter. Retrieved July 13, 2021, from https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/mozambique-channel-next-security-hotspot
Butler, R. (2005, May 3). People of Madagascar have origins in Borneo, Africa. Mongabay Environmental News. Retrieved July 10, 2021, from https://news.mongabay.com/2005/05/people-of-madagascar-have-origins-in-borneo-africa/#:%7E:text=A%20new%20study%20in%20the,Madagascar%201500%2D2000%20years%20ago.
Geopolitical Futures. (2021, June 25). State and Nonstate Forces in Africa. Retrieved July 12, 2021, from https://geopoliticalfutures.com/state-and-nonstate-forces-in-africa/
Global Fire Power. (2021). 2021 Madagascar Military Strength. Www.GlobalFirepower.Com. Retrieved July 11, 2021, from https://www.globalfirepower.com/country-military-strength-detail.php?country_id=madagascar
Isnaeni, H. F. (2012, March 30). Berlayar Sampai Madagaskar. Historia - Majalah Sejarah Populer Pertama di Indonesia. Retrieved July 10, 2021, from https://historia.id/kuno/articles/berlayar-sampai-madagaskar-vJqBD/page/1
Krishnan, S. (2020, December 1). Madagascar. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 11, 2021, from https://www.state.gov/reports/2020-investment-climate-statements/madagascar/
Media Indonesia. (2016, June 3). Asal Usul Manusia Pertama di Madagaskar. mediaindonesia.com. Retrieved July 10, 2021, from https://mediaindonesia.com/teknologi/48800/asal-usul-manusia-pertama-di-madagaskar
Minority Rights Group. (2020, November 17). Madagascar | World Directory of Minorities & Indigenous Peoples. Retrieved July 11, 2021, from https://minorityrights.org/country/madagascar/
Mishra, A. (2021, April 6). Mozambique’s Insurgency and India’s Interest. ORF. Retrieved July 13, 2021, from https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/mozambiques-insurgency-and-indias-interest/?amp
Nations Encyclopedia. (2021). Foreign policy - Madagascar - Trading Partner, Power. Nationsencyclopedia.Com. Retrieved July 11, 2021, from https://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/World-Leaders-2003/Madagascar-FOREIGN-POLICY.html
Neethling, T. (2020, September 15). Why foreign countries are scrambling to set up bases in Africa. The Conversation. Retrieved July 13, 2021, from https://theconversation.com/why-foreign-countries-are-scrambling-to-set-up-bases-in-africa-146032
OEC. (n.d.). Madagascar (MDG) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners | OEC. OEC - The Observatory of Economic Complexity. https://oec.world/en/profile/country/mdg
Presidence.com. (n.d.). Historique de la Présidence de la République. Repoblikan’l Madagasikara. Retrieved July 12, 2021, from http://www.presidence.gov.mg/presidence/historique-de-la-presidence-de-la-republique.html
Rakotomalala, L. (2017, October 12). After 50 years, journalism at a crossroads in Madagascar. Committee to Protect Journalists. Retrieved July 12, 2021, from https://cpj.org/2010/07/after-50-years-journalism-at-a-crossroads-in-madag/
Roche, E. (2021, March 25). India, Madagascar discuss maritime security and interoperability between navies. Mint. Retrieved July 13, 2021, from https://www.livemint.com/news/india/india-madagascar-discuss-maritime-security-and-interoperability-between-navies-11616682864717.html
US Library of Cogress. (2021). Madagascar - Foreign Relations. Countrystudies.Us. Retrieved July 11, 2021, from http://countrystudies.us/madagascar/29.htm
US Library of Congress. (2021). Madagascar - GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS. Counrtystudies.Us. Retrieved July 12, 2021, from http://countrystudies.us/madagascar/27.htm
WildMadagascar. (2020a). MADAGASCAR’S GEOGRAPHY for Kids. WildMadagascar.Org. Retrieved July 11, 2021, from https://www.wildmadagascar.org/kids/02-geography.html
WildMadagascar. (2020b). MADAGASCAR’S HISTORY for Kids. WildMadagascar.Org. Retrieved July 10, 2021, from https://www.wildmadagascar.org/kids/05-history.html
WITS. (2019). Madagascar Trade. WITS | World Integrated Trade Solution. https://wits.worldbank.org/CountrySnapshot/en/MDG/textview
WTO. (2020). Madagascar and the WTO. WTO | World Trade Organizaton. https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/madagascar_e.htm#statistics
Report
Bertelsmann Stiftung’s Transformation Index (BTI). (2020). BTI 2020 Country Report: Madagascar. Bertelsmann Stiftung. https://www.bti-project.org/en/reports/country-report-MDG-2020.html#pos7
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/jiwp.v6i1.14052
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Journal JIWP Indexed by:
.png)
Office:
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) license.