Decision Making Process dalam Kebijakan Israel (Studi Kasus Penolakan Israel Terhadap Resolusi DK PBB 2334)
Abstract
Abstrak
Resolusi Dewan Keamanan (DK) Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB) sebagai satu kesepakatan internasional yang dikeluarkan DK PBB memiliki kekuatan hukum mengikat (legal binding force) dan memaksa (imperatif). Hal ini berlaku bagi seluruh negara anggota PBB dan juga negara bukan anggota PBB sebagaimana termaktub dalam Pasal 25, Pasal 2 ayat (6), dan Pasal 49 Piagam PBB. Sanksi yang dapat diterapkan terhadap pelanggaran terhadap resolusi DK PBB ini dapat berupa sanksi militer maupun non-militer sebagaimana terdapat dalam Pasal 41 dan Pasal 42 Piagam PBB. Berkaitan dengan itu, terdapat penolakan terhadap Resolusi DK PBB Nomor 2334 Tahun 2016 oleh Israel sebagai bagian dari putusan yang dikeluarkan dalam resolusi. Tulisan ini mencoba menelaah kasus penolakan tersebut menggunakan teori Decision Making Process (DMP) dalam kaitannya dengan Rasionalitas Pengambilan Keputusan, Organisasi Pengambilan Keputusan, dan Faktor Individu Pengambil Keputusan. Melalui kacamata DMP, secara eksternal dapat dilihat bahwa penolakan tersebut memiliki rasionalitas yang tinggi berkaitan dengan kepentingan nasional Israel. Dengan superioritas dan dukungan Amerika Serikat (AS) serta sikap yang diambil oleh negara lain, tidak akan memberikan pengaruh apapun terhadap keputusan Israel ini. Secara internal, komposisi dan kedudukan pengampu kebijakan di Israel sendiri berwujud sebuah formasi yang sangat solid di bawah kepemimpinan Perdana Menteri (PM) Benjamin Netanyahu, hal ini memungkinkan lahirnya satu keputusan bulat sebagai satu kebijakan negara meskipun bertentangan dengan resolusi internasional.
Abstract
The United Nations (UN) Security Council Resolution (DK) as an international agreement issued by the UN Security Council has a legal binding force and is imperative. This applies to all member states of the United Nations and also non-member countries of the United Nations as set forth in Article 25, Article 2 paragraph (6), and Article 49 of the UN Charter. Sanctions that can be applied to violations of the UNSC resolution can be in the form of military or non-military sanctions as contained in Article 41 and Article 42 of the UN Charter. In this connection, there is a rejection of UN Security Council Resolution 2334 of 2016 by Israel as part of a decision issued in a resolution. This paper attempts to examine the case of rejection using the Decision Making Process (DMP) theory in relation to the Decision Making Rationality, Decision Making Organization, and Individual Decision Making Factors. Through the DMP lens, it can be seen externally that the refusal has high rationality in relation to Israel's national interests. With the superiority and support of the United States (US) and responses by other countries, it will not have any effect on Israel's decision. Internally, the composition and position of policy makers in Israel itself form a very solid formation under the leadership of Prime Minister (PM) Benjamin Netanyahu, this is what led to the emergence of a decision as a state policy even though it is contrary to international resolutions.
Keywords: Decision Making Process, Policy, Israel, UNSC Resolution 2334
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/jiwp.3129
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