MODERN SLAVERY IN INDONESIA : STUDY CASE OF MARITIME SLAVERY IN BENJINA KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN ARU MALUKU

Anastazia N Wattimena

Abstract


The case of maritime slavery that took place in Benjina, significance unpopular, and isolated area in easternmost part of Indonesia shook the world. Hundreds of foreign shipman, seafarers were found enslaved for years. Forced by the captains of Thailand ships vessels from PT. Pusaka Benjina Resources to work long and extra hours without being given any appropriate payments and food along the way. This paper use secondary data from books, journals, articles, both online and paper based to gather all related information. This paper also uses the theory of modern slavery as management practice to analyze the pushing factors of this slavery cases. Hoping that the same case will no longer happen in the future. Since, slavery in fishing industry have happened in so many sea based countries in the world, include Indonesia.


Keywords


slavery, maritime industry, foreign shipmen, Benjina

Full Text:

PDF

References


Bales, K. (2000). Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy. Los Angeles California: University of California Press.

Bales, K. (2005). Understanding Global Slavery : A Reader. Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Bales, K., & Soodalter, R. (2009). The Slave Next Door: Human Trafficking and Slavery in America Today. Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Miguel, C. S. (2011). Enslavement. In J. P. Rodrigues, Slavery in the Modern World: A History of Political, Social, Economic Operation (p. 34). Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, LLC.

Miers, S. (2011). Slavery and Abolition in the 20th Century. In J. P. Rodriguez, Slavery in the Modern World: A History of Political, Social, and Economic Oppression (pp. 3-33). California: ABC-CLIO Press.

Journals

Crane, A. (2013). Modern Slavery As A Management Practice: Exploring the Conditions and Capabilities for Human Exploitation. Academy of Management Review, 38(1), 49-69.

Tickler, D., Meeuwig, J. J., Bryant, K., David, F., Forrest, F. A., Gordon, E., et al. (2018). Modern Slavery and the Race to Fish. Nature Communications, 1-9.

Tien, N. D., Ranola.,Jr, R. F., & Thuy, P. T. (2017). Potential Impact of the REDD+ Program on Poverty Reduction in Nghe An Province, Vietnam. Forests Vol. 8 (376), 2-18.

Reports

(2008). SIREN Human Traffickig Data Sheet. United Nations Inter-Agency Project on Human Trafficking (UNIAP): Phase III.

KKP Indonesia, Satgas IUU Fishing Indonesia, IOM Indonesia, & Universitas Coventry. (2016). Laporan Mengenai Perdagangan Orang, Pekerja Paksa, dan Kejahatan Perikanan dalam Industri Perikanan Indonesia. Indonesia: International Organization of Migration.

McDowell, R., Manson, M., & Mendoza, M. (2015). AP Investigation : Are Slaves Catching the Fish You Buy ? . Associated Press.

Tangprachyakul, P. (2015, Oktober, 21). LPN.Files.Wordpress. Retrieved January 4, 2020, from LPN: https://lpnthailand.files.wordpress.com/2015/08/the-special-report-on-operations-saving-workers-in-fishing-boats-from-indonesia.pdf

Online

Dugaan Suap, Perbudakan dan Kerajaan Kecil di Benjina. (2015, April 8). Retrieved January 16, 2020, from Detik News: https://news.detik.com/berita/2881061/dugaan-suap-perbudakan-dan-kerajaan-kecil-di-benjina?ntprofil=

The World Bank in Cambodia. (2019, September 25). Retrieved January 11, 2020, from World Bank: https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/cambodia/overview

About Lao PDR. (n.d.). Retrieved January 15, 2020, from UNDP Lao PDR: https://www.la.undp.org/content/lao_pdr/en/home/countryinfo.html

Champkin, J. (2012, April 17). Burma: How Poor? How Repressive? Retrieved January 10, 2020, from Significance: https://www.statslife.org.uk/social-sciences/1586-burma-how-poor-how-repressive

Crime, U. N. (2017). Trafficking in Person from Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar to Thailand. Bangkok: UNODC.

Dillon, P. (2015, Maret, 8). Over 500 New Human Trafficking Victims Identified in Indonesia Since Benjina "Slave Fisheries" Exposed. Retrieved January 5, 2020, from IOM UN Immigration: https://weblog.iom.int/over-500-new-human-trafficking-victims-identified-indonesia-benjina-%E2%80%98slave-fisheries%E2%80%99-exposed

Indonesia, P. R. (2004). Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2004 Tentang Perikanan. Retrieved January 16, 2020, from DPR: http://www.dpr.go.id/dokjdih/document/uu/32.pdf

Laos Tingkat Pengangguran. (n.d.). Retrieved January 15, 2020, from CEIC: https://www.ceicdata.com/id/indicator/laos/unemployment-rate

Mendoza, M. (2015, April 22). US Lets in Thai Fish Caught by Slaves Despite Law . Retrieved January 5, 2020, from Associated Press: https://www.ap.org/explore/seafood-from-slaves/us-lets-in-thai-fish-caught-by-slaves-despite-law.html

Mendoza, M. (2016, February 25). Obama Bans US Imports of Slave-Produced Goods. Retrieved January 6, 2020, from Associated Press: https://www.ap.org/explore/seafood-from-slaves/Obama-bans-US-imports-of-slave-produced-goods.html

Sindo, K. (2018, February 21). Negara Dengan Pebudakan Modern Terbanyak. Retrieved January 5, 2020, from Sindo News: https://international.sindonews.com/read/1283606/45/negara-dengan-perbudakan-modern-terbanyak-di-dunia-1519112527




DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/jiwp.4148

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Journal JIWP Indexed by:

       

 

Office:

Journal of Islamic World and Politics, Magister Hubungan Internasional Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Jl. Brawijaya (Lingkar Selatan), Tamantirto, Kasihan, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Whatsapp: +62823-2679-6566 Email: jiwp@umy.university

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) license.