Pengukuran Laju Pelepasan Kalor pada Tangki SWH dengan Pipa Berisi Campuran Paraffin Wax dan Serbuk Tembaga 10% Berat

Tito Hadji Agung Santosa, Sri Hannadhitya Farhan Yustianto

Abstract


Penggunaan air panas banyak digunakan pada hotel, homestay, dan lain-lain. Pemanas air masih banyak menggunakan bahan bakar gas LPG yang semakin berkurang sehingga diperlukan sumber energi alternatif. Solar Water Heater (SWH) adalah aplikasi pemanas air yang menggunakan energi panas matahari untuk memanaskan air. Pada SWH konvensional, air sebagai media penyimpan panas di tangki. Air memiliki densitas yang besar sehingga konstruksi akan berat dan memerlukan penguatan pada rangka atap untuk pemasangan SWH. Paraffin wax adalah jenis phase change material (PCM) yang memiliki densitas yang rendah sehingga ringan dan memiliki densitas energi yang besar sehingga dapat menampung energi yang besar untuk volume yang kecil. Namun, paraffin wax memiliki konduktivitas termal yang rendah sehingga perlu ditambahkan serbuk Cu untuk meningkatkan konduktivitas termalnya. Pada penelitian ini, digunakan campuran paraffin wax dengan serbuk Cu 10% berat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui laju pelepasan kalor air dan laju pelepasan kalor campuran PCM. Penelitian ini menggunakan empat variasi debit air, yaitu 1; 1,5; 2; dan 2,5 LPM. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara discharging bertahap pada setiap lima menit, air keran dibuka kemudian setelah lima menit ditutup. Pengambilan data dilakukan mulai pada suhu tangki 70 ̊C dan berakhir ketika suhu bak air penampung mencapai 35 ̊C. Data yang diambil saat proses discharging adalah suhu air pada tangki dan suhu PCM di dalam kapsul di tangki. Laju pelepasan kalor ditentukan dengan perhitungan kalor kumulatif yang dilepaskan oleh air dan campuran PCM serta waktunya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar debit air, semakin besar pula laju pelepasan kalornya. Laju pelepasan kalor air terbesar sebesar 790 J/s, sedangkan laju pelepasan kalor oleh campuran PCM dan serbuk Cu sebesar 101,44 J/s. Dari hasil ini, masih diperlukan penelitian lanjutan dengan persentase serbuk Cu yang lebih besar sehingga laju pelepasan kalor campuran PCM dapat mendekati laju pelepasan kalor air.

 

Hot water is widely used in hotels, homestays, and others. Water heaters still use a lot of LPG gas fuel, decreasing so that alternative energy sources are needed. Solar Water Heater (SWH) is a water heater application that uses solar thermal energy to heat water. In conventional SWH, water is used as a heat storage medium in the tank. Water has a large density, so the construction will be heavy and requires reinforcement on the roof frame for SWH installation. Paraffin wax is a type of phase change material (PCM) with a low density so that it is light and has a large energy density to accommodate large amounts of energy for a small volume. However, paraffin wax has low thermal conductivity, so it is necessary to add Cu powder to increase its thermal conductivity. In this study, a mixture of paraffin wax and 10% Cu powder was used. This study aimed to determine the rate of heat release of water and the rate of heat release of the PCM mixture.This study uses four water discharge variations, namely 1; 1.5; 2; and 2.5 LPM. This research was conducted through gradual discharging where tap water was opened every five minutes and then closed for five minutes. Data collection was carried out starting at a tank temperature of 70 ̊C and ending when the reservoir water temperature reached 35 ̊C. During the discharging process, the data taken are the water temperature in the tank and the PCM temperature in the capsule in the tank. Rate of heat released is determined by calculating cumulative heat released by the water dan the mixture of PCM and the total time. The results showed that the greater the water discharge, the greater the rate of heat release. The largest water heat release rate was 790 J / s, while the heat release rate by a mixture of PCM and Cu powder was 101.44 J / s. From these results, further research is needed with a larger percentage of Cu powder so that the rate of heat release of the PCM mixture can approach the rate of water heat release 


Keywords


SWH, PCM, paraffin wax, discharging bertahap

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/jmpm.v4i1.9306

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