Pengaruh Kitosan secara Topikal terhadap Penyembuhan Luka Bakar Kimiawi pada Kulit Rattus norvegicus

Abstract

Kontak antara kulit dengan zat kimia iritatif seperti asam sulfat dapat menyebabkan luka bakar kimiawi. Senyawa yang telah diteliti efektif mempunyai kemampuan mengakselerasi proliferasi sel, migrasi sel PMN, daya antiinfeksi, dan bersifat basa adalah kitosan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kitosan secara topikal terhadap penyembuhan luka bakar kimiawi pada kulit tikus putih terinduksi asam sulfat. Penelitian eksperimental invivo, sebanyak 30 ekor tikus dibagi enam kelompok (kontrol tanpa perlakuan, kontrol vaselin, kontrol Bioplacenton^®, salep kitosan dosis 1,25%, 2,5%, dan 5%). Luka bakar kimiawi diinduksi dengan 0,1 ml asam sulfat 75%. Data dianalisis dengan metode ANAVA dilanjutkan uji Tuckey. Waktu sembuh paling cepat adalah kelompok salep kitosan dosis 2,5% (20,2±2 ,9 hari) dan yang paling lama adalah kelompok kontrol tanpa perlakuan (30,4±4 ,8 hari). Pemberian salep kitosan dosis 1,25%, 2,5%, dan 5% signifikan mempercepat waktu sembuh dibandingkan kontrol tanpa perlakuan dan vaselin. Salep kitosan 2,5% paling signifikan mempercepat waktu sembuh dibandingkan kontrol tanpa perlakuan dan vaselin (p=0,003; p=0,006). Persentase penyembuhan kelompok salep kitosan 1 ,25%, 2,5%, dan 5% mempunyai kurva peningkatan persentase lebih tinggi dari semua kelompok kontrol. Salep kitosan 2,5% signifikan meningkatkan persentase penyembuhan dibandingkan semua kelompok kontrol termasuk kontrol positif^® ( p=0,

Contact between skin with chemicals substance such as sulfuric acid can cause chemical burns. A compound that had been researched effective have ability to accelerate cell proliferation, migration of PMN cells, the anti-infective, and the base pH is Chitosan. The aims is to determine the effect of topical chitosan on chemical burn healing in skin rat induced sulfuric acid. Experimental in-vivo with  30 female rats divided into six groups (control without treatment, Vaseline control, Bioplacenton^® control, Chitosan ointment 1.25%, 2.5%, and 5% dose). Chemical burn was induced with 0.1 ml of 75% sulfuric. Data were analyzed by Anova method continued with Tuckey test. The results of healing time which fastest was Chitosan ointment 2.5% (20.2±2.9 days) and which longest was control without treatment group (30.4±4.8 days). Chitosan ointment 1.25%, 2.5%, and 5% dose significantly accelerated healing time compared with without treatment and Vaseline control groups. Chitosan ointment 2.5% most significantly accelerated the healing time compared with without treatment and Vaseline control (p=0.003 p=0.006). The healing percentage of Chitosan ointment 1.25%, 2.5%, and 5% dose have higher percentage increasing curve than all control groups. Chitosan ointment 2.5% dose significantly increased the healing percentage than all control groups including positive control (p=0.008). It was concluded that chitosan have an influence on the healing of chemical burn.