Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Phaleria macrocarpa ( Scheff.) Boerl. sebagai Larvasida Aedes aegypti

Taufik Fitriyanto Nugroho, Tri Wulandari Kesetyaningsih

Abstract


Nyamuk Aedes aegypti merupakan vektor penyakit DBD (Demam Berdarah Dengue). Daun mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.) memiliki efek larvasida karena mengandung saponin dan alkaloid yang bersifat toksik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak daun mahkota dewa sebagai larvasida Aedes aegypti, serta mengetahui Lethal Concentration (LC)50, LC90, LC95, Lethal Time (LT)50, LT90, dan LT95. Desain penelitian ini adalah eksperimental murni dengan subyek larva Aedes aegypti (540 larva), dibagi sembilan kelompok: kelompok kontrol negatif (akuades), kontrol positif (Temephos 1 ppm) dan tujuh kelompok perlakuan (2 ,5%, 2%, 1,5%, 1%, 0,5%, 0,25% dan 0,125%). Setiap kelompok terdiri atas 20 ekor dengan replikasi sebanyak tiga kali. Mortalitas larva dihitung setiap 4 jam selama 24 jam. Analisis probit digunakan untuk mengetahui LC50, LC90, LC95, LT50, LT90, dan LT95. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai LC50 = 1,175%, LC90 = 1,840%, LC95 = 2,029%, LT50 =0,811 jam, LT90 = 11,879 jam dan LT95 = 15,477 jam. Ekstrak daun mahkota dewa efektif sebagai larvasida Aedes aegypti. Analisis ANOVA menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara ekstrak daun mahkota dewa 2,5% dan 2% dengan Temephos 1 ppm. Konsentrasi ekstrak 2,5%, 2%, 1,5%, 1%, dan 0 ,5% berbeda signifikan dengan kontrol negatif (akuades) sedangkan ekstrak 0,25%, dan 0,125% tidak berbeda signifikan dengan kontrol negatif. Ekstrak daun mahkota dewa konsentrasi 2,5% dan 2% sama efektifnya dengan Temephos 1 ppm terhadap larva Aedes aegypti.

Aedes aegypti mosquito is the main vector of DHF (Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever). Mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.) leaf known to have larvicidal effect because content saponin and alkaloid which are toxic. The objective of this research is to determine the effectiveness of Mahkota dewa leaf extract as larvacide Aedes aegypti, as well as knowing Lethal Concentration (LC)50, LC90, LC95, Lethal Time (LT)50, LT90, and LT95. This research was performed by using posttest only control group design. The subject were 540 larvae of Aedes aegypti, divided into nine groups: negative control (aquades), positive control (Temephos 1 ppm) and seven concentration of leaf extract (2.5%, 2%, 1,5%, 1 %, 0,5%, 0,25%, dan 0,125%). Each group consist of 20 larvae with three times replication in every treatment. Larval mortality was calculated every four hours for 24 hours. Probit analysis is used to determine the LC50, LC90, LC95, LT50, LT90, and LT95. The results of this research show that LC50=  0.230%, LC90= 0.286%, LC95= 0.302%, LT50= 0.987 hours, LT90= 12.547 hours, and LT95=  15.827 hours. Anova analysis result show that there is no significantly differences between mahkota dewa leaf extract 2.5 % and 2% with Temephos 1 ppm (p>0,05). Extract concentration 2,5%, 2%, 1,5%, 1%, 0,5% and 0,25% have significant differences to aquades (negative control) (p<0,05). Mahkota dewa leaf extract concentration 0,25% and 0,125% have no significant differences to aquades extract concentration 2.5% and 2 %  is as effective as Temephos 1 ppm to Aedes aegypti larvae.


Keywords


Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl; larvasida; Aedes aegypti

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/mmjkk.v13i2.1063

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