Khasiat Obat Nyamuk Bakar Berbahan Aktif Pyrethroid terhadap Culex quinquefasciatus pada Berbagai Kondisi Ruangan

Abstract

Lymphatic jilariasis is an important disease caused by filarial nematodes and transmitted by mosquito bites; although the disease is not fatal, it can cause a permanent disability. One important action to prevent the infection is the use of lotion repellent, mosquito coil or electrics, etc. In practice, the use of mosquito coil in the community is done in different room conditions, such as wind speed, temperature, etc. This study was to find out the efficacy of several mosquito coils which contain pyrethroids as active agent to Aedes aegypti in the different room conditions.

This was a true experimental study, consisting of four groups i.e. three treatment groups of metofuthrin, d-allethrin, transfuthrin and one group as control. Each group was treated in the following conditions: 1) In a lxlxlmi box (AC, non-AC); 2) The distance of mosquito soil and mosquito cage is 0.05 m (AC, non AC); and 3). The distance of mosquito coil and mosquito cage is 1 m (AC, non-AC). The subjects were 25 Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes for each group with 2 replications. The observation was carried out by counting knockdown mosquito in every 5 minute during 50 minutes of exposure. Data was analyzed using Probit Analysis to determine knockdown time 50 and 90 (Kd T50 and Kd T90).

The results of this study showed that Kd T50 and Kd T90 from three kinds of mosquito coil were different depending on room condition. In a closed room, mosquito coil was more efficacious in AC than non-AC room with Kd T50 13,69 in AC room and 17,71 in non-AC room; Kd T90 25,46 in AC room and 32,28 in non-AC room. In an open room, the mosquito coil was more efficacious in non-AC than in AC room in both distance of 0,5 and 1 meter between mosquito coil and mosquito cage. In distance intervention of 0.5 m, Kd T5018,35 in AC room and 17,71 in non-AC room; Kd T90 18,38 in AC room and 19,51 in non-AC room. In distance intervention of 1 m, Kd T50 45,15 in AC room and 25,12 in nonAC; Kd T90 115,03 in AC room and 46,60 in non-AC room. Mosquito coil is not efficacious in AC room with 1-meter distance between mosquito coil and mosquito cage with Kd T50 45,15 and Kd T90 115,03. In conclusion, mosquito coil was more efficacious in non-AC than AC room.

Filariasis limfatik adalah penyakit penting yang disebabkan oleh cacing filariadan ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk; meskipun tidak berakibat fatal, namun dapat menyebabkan kecacatan permanen. Upaya penting untuk mencegah infeksi adalah penggunaan repelen atau obat nyamuk bakar (ONB) atau elektrik, dll. Pada kenyataannya penggunaan obat nyamuk bakar di masyarakat dilakukan pada kondisi lingkungan yang berbeda, dalam hal kecepatan angin, suhu ruangan dan lain-lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap khasiat beberapa obat nyamuk bakar berbahan aktif pyrethtum terhadap nyamuk Aedes aegypti pada berbagai kondisi lingkungan ruangan.

Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental mumi, terdiri atas 4 kelompok yaitu kelompok perlakuan metofluthrin, d-allethrin, transfluthrin dan kontrol negatif. Masing-masing kelompok diujikan pada kondisi: 1) Dalam kotak 1 x 1 x 1 m3 (AC, non AC); 2) Jarak antara obat nyamuk dengan sangkar nyamuk 0,05 m (AC, non AC); 3) Jarak antara obat nyamuk dengan sangkar nyamuk 1 m (AC, non AC). Subyek penelitian adalah nyamuk Culex quinquefasciatus, 25 ekor tiap kelompok penelitian, replikasi 2 kali. Pengamatan dengan menilai nyamuk knock down setiap 5 menit selama 50 menit pemaparan. Data dianalisis dengan Analisis Probit untuk menentukan Knock-down Time 50 dan 90 (Kd T 50 dan 90).

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Kd T50 maupun Kd T90 dari ketiga jenis obat nyamuk berbeda, tergantung pada kondisi ruangan. Pada ruangan tertutup, ONB lebih berkhasiat pada ruangan berAC daripada non-AC, dengan KdT50 13,69 (ber-AC) dan 17,71 (non-AC); Kd T90 25,46 (ber-AC) dan 32,28 (nonAC). Pada ruangan terbuka, ONB lebih berkhasiat pada suhu ruangan non-AC daripada ber-AC baik pada jarak antara ONB dan sangkar nyamuk 0,5 m maupun 1 m. Pada perlakuan jarak 0,5m, KdT50 18,35 (berAC) dan 17,71 (nonAC); KdT90 18,38 (berAC) dan 19,51 (nonAC). Sedangkan pada perlakuan jarak 1 m, Kd T50 45,15 (berAC) dan 25,12 (nonAC); Kd T90 115,03 (berAC) dan 46,60 (nonAC). Obat nyamuk bakar tidak berkhasiat pada ruang berAC dengan jarak ONB dan sangkar nyamuk 1 m dengan KdT50 45,15 danKdT90 115,03. Secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa ONB lebih berkhasiat pada suhu ruangan nonAC daripada berAC.