Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Cacing Tanah (Lumbricus sp) terhadap Berbagai Bakteri Patogen secara Invitro

Abstract

In the modern society now, the active compound ofearthworm is used as medical materials. In fact, many cosmetic products utilize that active materials as softened skin substrate, facial moisturizer, and antiseptic. As herbal products, there has been a lot of branded tonic that used earthworms extracts as a mixture of active material. Earthworms have mechanic immunity against pathogen organism by producing extracellulair hyaline, granular amoebocytes and chloragocytes. Hyaline and granular amoebocytes have the ability to phagocyte, chloragocyte producing cytotoxic extracellulair and antibacterial substance. This research is an experimental laboratory to observe the effect of antibacterial earthworm (Lumbricus sp) against the pathogenic bacteria invitro. The antibacterial activity extract earthworm (Lumbricus sp) has been tested by the determination of the minimal inhibitory consentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) using tube dilution method . The bacteria test used Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus beta hemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae and Shigella flexneri wild strain. The results of this study shows that the MIC earthworm extract against Staphylococcus aureus is 4.17 g%, against Streptococcus beta hemoliticus is 12.5 gr%, against Vibrio cholerae is 16.7 gr% and Shigella flexneri is 2.08 gr%. It is concluded that earthworm (Lumbricus sp) extract possess an antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella flexneri as bactericidal and against Streptococcus beta hemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae as bacteriostatic.

Dalam dunia moderen sekarang ini, cacing tanah digunakan sebagai bahan obat. Bahkan, tak sedikit produk kosmetik yang memanfaatkan cacing tanah sebagai substrat pelembut kulit, pelembab wajah, dan antiinfeksi. Sebagai produk herbal, telah banyak merek tonikum yang menggunakan ekstrak cacing tanah sebagai campuran bahan aktif. Cacing tanah memiliki mekanisme imunitas terhadap organisme pathogen dengan cara menghasilkan hyaline, granular amoebocytes dan chloragocytes. Hyaline dan granular amoebocytes punya kemampuan fagositosis , chloragocytes menghasilkan zat ekstraseluler yang sitotoksik dan antibakterial. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorik yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antibakteri ekstrak cacing tanah (Lumbricus sp) terhadap bakteri patogen secara in vitro. Penentuan daya antimikroba ekstrak cacing tanah (Lumbricus sp) dengan metode pengenceran tabung (tube dilution methode) untuk melihat kadar hambatan minimal (KHM) dan kadar  bakterisidal minimal (KBM). Bakteri uji yang digunakan adalah bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus beta hemoliticus, Vibrio cholerae dan Shigellaflexneri strain lokal. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa KHM ekstrak cacing tanah terhadap Staphylococcus aureus sebesar 4,17 gr%, terhadap Streptococcus beta hemoliticus sebesar 12,5 gr%, terhadap Vibrio cholerae sebesar 16,7 gr% dan terhadap Shigella flexneri sebesar 2,08 gr%. Disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak cacing tanah (Lumbricus sp) memiliki efek bakterisid terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Shigella flexneri, sedangkan terhadap Streptococcus beta hemoliticus dan Vibrio cholerae bersifat bakteristatik