Antimicrobial Activity of Pecut Kuda Leaf Extract (Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L. Vahl) against Mycobacterium smegmatis

Putri Nadia Ramadhani, Ika Dyah Kurniati, Maya Dian Rakhmawatie

Abstract


Mycobacterium smegmatis infrequently causes infection, but it is easy to be pathogenic in immunosuppressed patients. Many reported that M. smegmatis resistance to several antibiotics became an impetus for searching for new antimicrobials. Therefore, this study aims to prove the effect of Pecut Kuda leaf extract (Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl) on the growth of M. smegmatis mc2 155. This research is an experimental study with a post-test control group design. The susceptibility test was carried out using the two-fold microdilution method and resazurin staining. The concentration of Pecut Kuda leaf ethanol extract was prepared in the concentration range of 10000.0 – 625.0 µg/ml.  Phytochemical analysis of the content of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, and alkaloids was also carried out on Pecut Kuda leaf ethanol extract. Pecut Kuda leaf ethanol extract can inhibit the growth of M. smegmatis with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 5000 µg/ml (very weak activity) because, at the highest concentration of 10000 µg/ml, M. smegmatis still cannot be killed. Furthermore, Pecut Kuda leaf ethanol extract contains saponins, tannins, flavonoids, and alkaloids which are known to have antibacterial activity. However, further evaluation is needed to maximize the antibacterial activity of Pecut Kuda leaf extract, for example, by fractionating the extract.

Keywords


antibacterial agent; Mycobacterium smegmatis; phytochemical analysis; Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl

Full Text:

PDF

References


Alqurashi MM, Alsaileek A, Aljizeeri A, Bamefleh HS, Alenazi TH. Mycobacterium smegmatis causing a granulomatous cardiomediastinal mass. IDCases. 2019 Jan;18:e00608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2019.e00608

Moghim S, Sarikhani E, Esfahani BN, Faghri J. Identification of nontuberculous mycobacteria species isolated from water samples using phenotypic and molecular methods and determination of their antibiotic resistance patterns by E- test method, in Isfahan, Iran. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2012;15(5):1076–82. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23493797

Mertaniasih N, Kusumaningrum D, Koendhori E, Soedarsono, Kusmiati T, Dewi DSS. Nontuberculous mycobacterial species and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex coinfection in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in dr. Soetomo hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Int J Mycobacteriology. 2017 Jan;6(1):9–13. https://www.ijmyco.org/text.asp?2017/6/1/9/201894

Sousa S, Borges V, Joao I, Gomes JP, Jordao L. Nontuberculous mycobacteria persistence in a cell model mimicking alveolar macrophages. Microorganisms. 2019 May;7(113). https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7050113

Restiawati NM, Burhan E. Diagnosis dan penatalaksanaan mycobacterium othe than tuberculosis ( MOTT ). J Respir Indo. 2011;31(3):156–64.

Juita LR, Fauzar F. Diagnosis dan tatalaksana penyakit paru nontuberculous mycobacteria. J Kesehat Andalas. 2018;7(Supplement 3):141. https://doi.org/10.25077/jka.v7i0.858

Best CA, Best TJ. Mycobacterium smegmatis infection of the hand. Hand. 2009;4(2):165–6. https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11552-008-9147-6

Kumala S, Bekti NDP. Aktivitas antibakteri dan antioksidan daun pecut kuda (Stachytarpheta jamaicensis L .) secara in vitro. J Farm Indones. 2016;8(2):137–43.

Novitasari D, Mahtuti E, Ibaadillah A. Uji daya hambat perasan daun pecut kuda (Stachytarpheta jamaicensis L. Vahl) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus pyogenes secara in vitro. Garuda. 2017;8(2).

Thangiah AS. Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial evaluation of ethanolic-aqua extract of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) vahl leaves against some selected human pathogenic bacteria. Rasayan J Chem. 2019;12(1):300–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31788/RJC.2019.1215042

Indarto I. Uji kualitatif Dan kuantitatif golongan senyawa organik dari kulit dan kayu batang tumbuhan Artocarpus dadah Miq. J Ilm Pendidik Fis Al-Biruni. 2015;4(1):75–84. https://doi.org/10.24042/jipfalbiruni.v4i1.82

Rijayanti RP, Luliana S, Trianto HF. Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun mangga bacang. Univ Tanjungpura. 2014;1(1):13–4.

Rakhmawatie MD, Wibawa T, Lisdiyanti P, Pratiwi WR, Mustofa. Evaluation of crystal violet decolorization assay and resazurin microplate assay for antimycobacterial screening. Heliyon [Internet]. 2019 Aug;5(8):1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02263

CLSI. Appendix J. Agar Disk Elution Method for Mycobacterium haemophilum. Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacteria, Nocardia spp., and Other Aerobic Actinomycetes. 2011. 57 p.

Wahyudi VA, Seqip P, Sahirah N. Formulasi permen pereda radang tenggorokan dari daun pecut kuda (Stacytarpheta jamaicensis) sebagai pangan fungsional. J Pangan dan Agroindustri. 2020;7(4):31–41. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpa.2019.007.04.4

Sufitri RA, Nurdiana N, Krismayanti L. Uji ekstrak daun pecut kuda (Stachytarpheta jamaicencis L) sebagai penghambat bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Biota. 2015;8(2):199–210. https://doi.org/10.20414/jb.v8i2.69

Ololade ZS, Ogunmola OO, Kuyooro SE, Abiona OO. Stachytarpheta jamaicensis leaf extract: Chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, and bactericidal potentials. J Sci Innov Res. 2017;6(4):119–25. https://doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2017.6401

Ramos DF, Leitão GG, Costa FDN, Abreu L, Villarreal JV, Leitão SG, et al. Investigation of the antimycobacterial activity of 36 plant extracts from the brazilian Atlantic Forest. Rev Bras Ciencias Farm J Pharm Sci. 2008;44(4):669–74. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-93322008000400013

Lelovic N, Mitachi K, Yang J, Lemieux M, Ji Y, Kurosu M. Application of Mycobacterium smegmatis as a surrogate to evaluate drug leads against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Physiol Behav. 2020;11(73):780–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41429-020-0320-7

Chatterji D, Dey A. Tracing the variation in physiological response to rifampicin across the microbial spectrum. J Bacteriol Virol. 2012;42(2):87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2012.42.2.87

Sintha Suhirman. Kandungan Kimia Pecut Kuda. Pros Semin Nas. 2015;(April):93–7. https://doi.org/10.25181/prosemnas.v0i0.516

Rabaan AA, Alhumaid S, Albayat H, Alsaeed M, Alofi FS, Al-Howaidi MH, et al. Promising antimycobacterial activities of flavonoids against Mycobacterium sp. drug targets: A comprehensive review. Molecules. 2022;27(5335):1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27165335

Pawar A, Jha P, Chopra M, Chaudhry U, Saluja D. Screening of natural compounds that targets glutamate racemase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveals the anti-tubercular potential of flavonoids. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-57658-8

Arabski M, Wȩgierek-Ciuk A, Czerwonka G, Lankoff A, Kaca W. Effects of saponins against clinical E. coli strains and eukaryotic cell line. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2012;2012. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/286216

Saifudin A. Senyawa alam metabolit sekunder. Edisi 1. Deepublish.

Nyambuya T, Mautsa R, Mukanganyama S. Alkaloid extracts from Combretum zeyheri inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017;17(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12906-017-1636-0

Wijaya V, Jand’ourek O, Křoustková J, Hradiská-Breiterová K, Korábečný J, Sobolová K, et al. Alkaloids of Dicranostigma franchetianum (Papaveraceae) and berberine derivatives as a new class of antimycobacterial agents. Biomolecules. 2022;12(844):1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12060844

Cowan MM. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999;12(4):564–82. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.12.4.564

T JAS, J R, Rajan A, Shankar V. Features of the biochemistry of Mycobacterium smegmatis, as a possible model for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Infect Public Health. 2020;13(9):1255–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.06.023

Handayani FW, Muhtadi A, Farmasi F, Padjadjaran U, Dara T, Manis K, et al. Review artikel: Aktivitas lipofilik protein LysB dari beberapa mikobakteriofaga. Farmaka Suplemen. 2013;14(1):1–15. https://doi.org/10.24198/jf.v16i2.17627.g8706




DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/mmjkk.v23i1.15599

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

      

Editorial Office:
Journal Room, G1 (Biomedic) Building, Ground Floor, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, 
Jalan Lingkar Selatan (Brawijaya), Tamantirto, Kasihan, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Phone: +62 274 387 656 (ext: 231)
WA : +62 811-2650-303
Website: http://journal.umy.ac.id/index.php/mm 
E-mail: mmjkk@umy.university

Creative Commons License
Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. View My Stats